Preparation of high concentration polyaluminum chloride by chemical synthesis-membrane distillation method with self-made hollow fiber membrane

A method of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with a self-made hollow polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was applied to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high Al_b content based on chemical synthesis. The permeate flux and Al species distribution were investigated. The experimental results showed that the permeate flux decreased from 14 to 6 kg/(m²·hr) at the end of the DCMD process, which can be mainly attributed to the formation of NaCl deposits on the membrane surface. The Al_b content decreased slightly, only from 86.3% to 84.4%, when the DCMD experiment finished, correspondingly the Al_c content increased slightly from 7.2% to 8.5%, and the Al_a content remained at 7% during the whole DCMD process. A PACl with Al_b content of 84% at total aluminum concentration 2.2 mol/L was successfully prepared by the chemical synthesis-DCMD method.     

Fabrication and performance of PET mesh enhanced cellulose acetate membranes for forward osmosis

Polyethylene terephthalate mesh(PET) enhanced cellulose acetate membranes were fabricated via a phase inversion process. The membrane fabrication parameters that may affect the membrane performance were systematically evaluated including the concentration and temperature of the casting polymer solution and the temperature and time of the evaporation, coagulation and annealing processes. The water permeability and reverse salt flux were measured in forward osmosis(FO) mode for determination of the optimal membrane fabrication conditions. The optimal FO membrane shows a typical asymmetric sandwich structure with a mean thickness of about 148.2 μm. The performance of the optimal FO membrane was tested using 0.2 mol/L Na Cl as the feed solution and 1.5 mol/L glucose as the draw solution. The membrane displayed a water flux of 3.47 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection of95.48% in FO mode. While in pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) mode, the water flux was4.74 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection 96.03%. The high ratio of water flux in FO mode to that in PRO mode indicates that the fabricated membrane has a lower degree of internal concentration polarization than comparable membranes.     

水中硝基苯的快速气相色谱测定

直接进水样气相色谱法快速测定水中的硝基苯，分别采用2％QF－1＋1．5OV－1ChromosorbWAW－DMCS（80-100目）（Ⅰ）和5％聚乙醇-6000101白色担体（40－60目）（Ⅱ）为固定相的两种不锈钢柱，FID检测器，对硝基苯完成分离，本法进样4μl的检测限为0．25mg／L，能满足应急污染监测的需要。对柱Ⅰ，提出了一种改善分离的方法．     

DBD技术脱除恶臭气体H2S和CS2的可行性

采用DBD技术脱除工业废气中的H₂S和CS₂.12kV的电压下,分压为4kPa的H₂S,放电5s,去除率接近100%;分压为1.33kPa的CS₂,放电15s,其去除率可达80%.H₂S和CS₂的去除率都随其浓度的增加而下降.在实验室研究的基础上,设计了废气处理量为420m³/h、流速为10m/s的DBD净化装置,进行了实际含H₂S和CS₂的工业废气净化研究,H₂S去除率可达89%,能量消耗为5.2W·h/m³.结果表明DBD技术对于处理含硫恶臭工业废气,具有实际应用价值.     

等离子体技术降解茜素红水溶液的机理研究

研究了等离子体在内电极通氧条件下降解水相中茜素红的机理。研究表明:茜素红溶液的降解率与电极位置有关,且在0和22.5mm处出现2个高值。在0和22.5mm 2种电极位置时,茜素红的降解率与等离子体电压、茜素红的浓度、溶液初始pH值、处理时间的变化规律不完全相同。在0处时,茜素红溶液经等离子体放电处理后产物主要是含氧和羟基的小分子物质;在22.5mm时,产物主要是含-CO和含-OH的芳香类物质。研究认为:在内电极位置为0处时主要是高能电子的作用,而在22.5mm处时则是O2被解离产生氧原子,氧原子和高能电子与O2和H2O溶液作用产生O3、OH·、O2-和eaq-等活性物种与茜素红作用而引起其降解。这些结果为等离子体降解有机废水的实际应用提供了信息。     

灰色聚类法在水环境质量评价中的应用

本文提出运用灰色聚类法评价水质的新方法,并用该方法对某水库水质进行了评价,最后与模糊数学方法作了比较。结果证明,灰色聚类法不仅具有模糊数学的优点,又补充了其不完善之处,用灰色聚类法评价水质,比较符合实际状况.     

从生态经济学观点论开发皖中农业自然资源的某些战略性问题

生态学是研究自然界水、土、光、气、热等无生命物质之间,动物、植物、微生物等生物之间以及非生物与生物之间的相互联系、相互依赖、相互制约的一门科学。它是生态经济学的基础。单有生态学观点还不能直接为国民经济服务,还必须与经济学相结合。要研究生态规律与经济规律的关系、生态效益与经济效益的关系。生态效益和经济效益的实现,还必须有相应的经济政策的保证,才能达到研究生态经济学的目的。作者近年来在工作中不断学习,不断体会,希望促进这门综合性学科形成一门独立的学科。     

夏季城市大气O3浓度影响因素及其相关关系

利用2003年夏季济南市区近地面大气O₃、相关前体物和气象因素等观测数据,研究了O₃浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律,分析了7月份O₃与NO、NO₂和CO等前体物及太阳辐射和气温气象条件的相关性.结果表明,济南市区夏季O₃污染比较严重,观测期间各污染物O₃、NO、NO₂、NO_x和CO浓度都相对较高,昼间O₃与各前体物的浓度呈较好的负相关关系,与太阳辐射具有非常明显的相关性,而与气温的相关性不明显.根据以上分析结果,利用回归分析方法,建立了昼间O₃浓度与前体物、气象因子之间的相关模式,结果表明O₃浓度的计算值与观测值符合性较好.     

空气中异氰酸甲酯的气相色谱测定

用无水乙醇作吸收液,使异氰酸甲酯转化为取代氨基甲酸酯,用氮磷检测器（ＮＰＤ）检测,可消除其他组分的干扰,方法的检测限可达μｇ／Ｌ水平。该方法比目前使用的分光光度法快速、简便、准确。