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排序方式: 共有209条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
201.
Michele Aresta Angela Dibenedetto Maria Carone Teresa Colonna Carlo Fragale 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(3):136-139
We compare two different techniques for the extraction of biodiesel from macroalgae: the thermochemical liquefaction and the
extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2). The first allows to use wet material, while sc-CO2 requires dry material and uses moderate temperature and pressure so that it can be useful for the extraction of thermolabile
compounds which may decompose at the temperature at which thermal methos are carried out. In both cases the extracted oil
was characterized quantitatively and qualitatively. The novelty of the work is that in the literature the use of macroalgae
for the production of biodiesel has not so far been described, while they are used mainly as food or other purposes. 相似文献
202.
Gas transfer through surface water of streams is an effective process for the environmental quality of the aquatic ecosystem.
Several theoretical approaches have been proposed to estimate gas transfer rate. This paper is devoted to present a turbulence-based
model and to compare it with other 3 turbulence-based modeling frameworks that provide an estimation of gas-transfer coefficient
KL at the air-water interface. These models were derived for the reaeration process. In this paper, they have been verified
both for reaeration and volatilization using experimental data collected in a laboratory rectangular flume and in a circular
sewer reach. These data refer to oxygen absorption and cyclohexane volatilization, respectively. Comparison of results for
oxygen shows that the tested models exhibit an average absolute difference between their results and the experimental data
ranging from 12.5% and 25.6%. Also, the scaling analysis of the experimental data support both small-eddy based models and
the model proposed by the authors. Moreover, volatilization results show that the process is also affected by a channel shape
factor, which was, finally, quantified. 相似文献
203.
204.
205.
Alessandra Colombo Giuseppe Cappelletti Silvia Ardizzone Iolanda Biraghi Claudia L. Bianchi Daniela Meroni Carlo Pirola Francesca Spadavecchia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):55-60
Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor. Complete mineralization of bisphenol A is therefore a primary environmental issue.
Here, the combination of ozonation and photocatalysis by TiO2 is proposed for the degradation and final mineralization of bisphenol A. TiO2 films deposited onto two sides of an Al lamina show good stability and high surface roughness. We used a specific experimental
setup employing two facing ultraviolet lamps and TiO2 layers, together with an ozone flux. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry determinations on bisphenol
A solutions sampled at different reaction times and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses of the oxide at the end of the reaction
were performed to study the reaction intermediates and the overall degradation mechanism. Our results show that pollutant
mineralization achieved with the combined method is far higher, of 55% in the case of 0.3 mM bisphenol A, than those obtained
by individual treatments such as photolysis (<3%), ozonation (6%), photocatalysis (6%), and by other combined processes: photolytic
ozonation (13%) and catalytic ozonation (15%). This finding is explained by the occurrence of highly synergistic effects. 相似文献
206.
The opportunity Value of Travel Time (VTT) is one of the most important elements of the total cost of recreation day-trips and arguably the most difficult to estimate. Most studies build upon the theoretical framework proposed by Becker (1965) by using a combination of revealed and stated preference data to estimate a value of time which is uniform in all activities and under all circumstances. This restriction is relaxed by DeSerpa's (1971) model which allows the value of saving time to be activity-specific. We present the first analysis which uses actual driving choices between open access and toll roads to estimate a VTT specific for recreation trips, thereby providing a value which conforms to both Becker's and DeSerpa's theoretical models. Using these findings we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to identify generalizable results for subsequent valuation studies. Our results indicate that 3/4 of the wage rate provides a reasonable approximation of the average VTT for recreation trips, while the commonly implemented assumption of 1/3 of the wage rate generates downward biased results. 相似文献
207.
Marcella Ruta Carlo Gaggi Emanuele Bernardini Silvia Focardi Eleonora Magaldi 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):207-219
Five arsenic-resistant bacterial strains designated MT1, MT2, MT3, V1 and V2 were isolated from sediments of the Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon (Italy), which comprises six small lakes whose sediments contain low arsenic concentrations. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned them to the genus Bacillus. Bacillus sp. strain MT3 showed higher tolerance to As(III) and As(V), as indicated by minimum inhibitory concentrations of 14 and 135 mmol?1, respectively. Bacillus sp. strain V1 showed growth inhibition at 14 mmol?1 in the presence of As(III) and at 68 mmol?1 in the presence of As(V), whereas the arsenic resistance of Bacillus sp. strain MT1 was 10 and 27 mmol?1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The strains Bacillus spp. MT2 and V2 showed low levels of As(III) and As(V) resistance, as it was unable to grow at concentrations>7 and 14 mmol?1, respectively. The isolated arsenic-resistant Bacillus spp. strains were able to reduce As(V) to As(III), especially Bacillus spp. strain MT3. This study suggests that the isolated bacterial strains play a role in the arsenic biogeochemical cycle of arsenic-poor sediments in the Oliveri-Tindari Lagoon. 相似文献
208.
This study is aimed at assessing the feasibility of concrete production using stabilized m.s.w. (municipal solid waste) incineration fly ashes in addition to natural aggregates. The tested fly ashes were washed and milled, then stabilized by a cement-lime process and finally were reused as a "recycled aggregate" for cement mixture production, in substitution of a natural aggregate (with dosage of 200-400 kg m(-3)). These mixtures, after curing, were characterized with conventional physical-mechanical tests (compression, traction, flexure, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage). In samples containing 200 kg(waste) m(-3)(concrete), a good compressive strength was achieved after 28 days of curing. Furthermore, concrete leaching behavior was evaluated by means of different leaching tests, both on milled and on monolithic samples. Experimental results showed a remarkable reduction of metal leaching in comparison with raw waste. In some cases, similar behavior was observed in "natural" concrete (produced with natural aggregates) and in "waste containing" concrete. 相似文献
209.
Solid phase speciation of arsenic by sequential extraction in standard reference materials and industrially contaminated soil samples 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Van Herreweghe S Swennen R Vandecasteele C Cappuyns V 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,122(3):323-342
Availability, mobility, (phyto)toxicity and potential risk of contaminants is strongly affected by the manner of appearance of elements, the so-called speciation. Operational fractionation methods like sequential extractions have been applied for a long time to determine the solid phase speciation of heavy metals since direct determination of specific chemical compounds can not always be easily achieved. The three-step sequential extraction scheme recommended by the BCR and two extraction schemes based on the phosphorus-like protocol proposed by Manful (1992, Occurrence and Ecochemical Behaviours of Arsenic in a Goldsmelter Impacted Area in Ghana, PhD dissertation, at the RUG) were applied to four standard reference materials (SRM) and to a batch of samples from industrially contaminated sites, heavily contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals. The SRM 2710 (Montana soil) was found to be the most useful reference material for metal (Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) fractionation using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Two sequential extraction schemes were developed and compared for arsenic with the aim to establish a better fractionation and recovery rate than the BCR-scheme for this element in the SRM samples. The major part of arsenic was released from the heavily contaminated samples after NaOH-extraction. Inferior extraction variability and recovery in the heavily contaminated samples compared to SRMs could be mainly contributed to subsample heterogeneity. 相似文献