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81.
Debora Puglia Franco Dominici José Maria Kenny Carlo Santulli Catia Governatori Giacomo Tosti Paolo Benincasa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(1):37-47
The production of bioplastics directly from wheat flour has been demonstrated to be reliable, but scarce knowledge is available on how flour characteristics may affect the performance of thermoplastic films. In this work, we first established the most suitable recipe and process for the production of extruded films and then we used eight single-cultivar wheat flours with different baking technological properties to assess how they affect the mechanical properties of thermoplastic films. The results have shown that flours from soft grain cultivars offered more rigid and deformable films than flours from hard grain cultivars. For similar hardness, the alveographic P/L ratio of the dough was inversely related to rigidity and directly related to deformability of plastic films, while the deformation energy of the dough (W) played a role only for great differences of it. The subsequent fabrication of blends between each of the flours that yielded the best film properties and polycaprolactone (PCL) at different proportions indicated that a wheat flour/PCL ratio (TWF/PCL) of 75/25 offered the most suitable films for further application. Our results are likely to be useful for improving the plasticization of flour, in that selection of wheat flours could be tailored on the properties desired for the bioplastic films. 相似文献
82.
Moreno Di Marco Thomas Brooks Annabelle Cuttelod Lincoln D.C. Fishpool Carlo Rondinini Robert J. Smith Leon Bennun Stuart H.M. Butchart Simon Ferrier Ruud P.B. Foppen Lucas Joppa Diego Juffe‐Bignoli Andrew T. Knight John F. Lamoreux Penny F. Langhammer Ian May Hugh P. Possingham Piero Visconti James E.M. Watson Stephen Woodley 《Conservation biology》2016,30(2):392-402
World governments have committed to increase the global protected areas coverage by 2020, but the effectiveness of this commitment for protecting biodiversity depends on where new protected areas are located. Threshold‐ and complementarity‐based approaches have been independently used to identify important sites for biodiversity. We brought together these approaches by performing a complementarity‐based analysis of irreplaceability in important bird and biodiversity areas (IBAs), which are sites identified using a threshold‐based approach. We determined whether irreplaceability values are higher inside than outside IBAs and whether any observed difference depends on known characteristics of the IBAs. We focused on 3 regions with comprehensive IBA inventories and bird distribution atlases: Australia, southern Africa, and Europe. Irreplaceability values were significantly higher inside than outside IBAs, although differences were much smaller in Europe than elsewhere. Higher irreplaceability values in IBAs were associated with the presence and number of restricted‐range species; number of criteria under which the site was identified; and mean geographic range size of the species for which the site was identified (trigger species). In addition, IBAs were characterized by higher irreplaceability values when using proportional species representation targets, rather than fixed targets. There were broadly comparable results when measuring irreplaceability for trigger species and when considering all bird species, which indicates a good surrogacy effect of the former. Recently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has convened a consultation to consolidate global standards for the identification of key biodiversity areas (KBAs), building from existing approaches such as IBAs. Our results informed this consultation, and in particular a proposed irreplaceability criterion that will allow the new KBA standard to draw on the strengths of both threshold‐ and complementarity‐based approaches. 相似文献
83.
84.
Pedro A. Ochoa George Alexis Sagastume Gutiérrez Juan B. Cogollos Martínez Carlo Vandecasteele 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(12):1171-1176
An approach to Cleaner Production in a small factory of hydrated lime is presented. The work aims to improving fuel and limestone utilization and reducing waste production in the plant. Efforts mainly focus on the calcination stage, where around 50% of the production costs due to fuel consumption occur. To fulfill this objective, new indicators are proposed to evaluate the performance of the lime shaft kiln, in order to develop an operational control method for the calcination process. The systematic use of the developed operational control method is a powerful tool in the daily operation of a small lime factory, since it allows a more efficient calcination process with reduced environmental impact and production cost. 相似文献
85.
Manzo Sonia Parrella Luisa Schiavo Simona Spaziani Fabio Chiavarini Salvatore Tebano Carlo De Maio Lucio Capone Stefano Siciliano Anna Valeria Armiento Giovanna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(55):83291-83303
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study we propose, a multi-step strategy of selection and characterization of long-term dataset of contaminant concentrations in different... 相似文献
86.
For many plant species, seed dispersal is one of the most important spatial demographic processes. We used a diffusion approximation and a spatially explicit simulation model to explore the mechanisms generating seed dispersal kernels for plants dispersed by frugivores. The simulation model combined simple movement and foraging rules with seed gut passage time, plant distribution, and fruit production. A simulation experiment using plant spatial aggregation and frugivore density as factors showed that seed dispersal scale was largely determined by the degree of plant aggregation, whereas kernel shape was mostly dominated by frugivore density. Kernel shapes ranged from fat tailed to thin tailed, but most shapes were between an exponential and that of the solution of a diffusion equation. The proportion of dispersal kernels with fat tails was highest for landscapes with clumped plant distributions and increased with increasing number of dispersers. The diffusion model provides a basis for models including more behavioral details but can also be used to approximate dispersal kernels once a diffusion rate is estimated from animal movement data. Our results suggest that important characteristics of dispersal kernels will depend on the spatial pattern of plant distribution and on disperser density when frugivores mediate seed dispersal. 相似文献
87.
88.
Michael S. Tomlinson Eric H. De Carlo 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(1):113-123
ABSTRACT: Streams in the Hawaiian Islands differ from many streams on the U.S. mainland presenting unique challenges to investigators attempting to characterize Hawaiian streams. Hawaiian streams are short; watersheds are small and steep; and rain events are usually short in duration but intense. As a result, most streams in Hawai'i are flashy. Time scales for storm hydrographs in Hawai'i are on the order of hours instead of days and flash flooding is a common hazard. To characterize the streams we were investigating, we found it necessary to obtain streamflow and water quality measurements at relatively short time intervals. While this resolution resulted in large sometimes onerous quantities of data, we would have otherwise missed certain phenomena, such as 60‐fold flow changes in 15 minutes or 30‐fold turbidity changes in five minutes. Even at five‐minute intervals, we found that attempts to predict TSS using a relationship obtained from in situ turbidity were not always satisfactory. Depending on the precision required, either higher resolution measurements or in vitro turbidity measurements of the TSS samples might be necessary. Finally, these high resolution measurements enabled us to observe other cyclical events that might have been missed if the measurement intervals were greater than one hour. 相似文献
89.
Cristina Zago Gabriele Capodaglio Carlo Barbante Michele Giani Ivo Moret Giuseppe Scarponi Paolo Cescon 《Chemistry and Ecology》2002,18(1):39-51
In the present study the concentrations of cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, zinc were analysed and the speciation of copper and zinc performed, with a summer and winter sampling, for two areas in the Northern Adriatic Sea and crossing at the farthest zones of the Po river-sea water interface. Results show that when salinity increases the concentrations of all investigated metals (with the exception of cobalt) present some degree of biogeochemical cycling. Copper is the element whose dissolved phase has the highest importance in metal transport across the salinity gradient. Results of speciation analysis demonstrate that the presence of excess amounts (5-8 fold) of unbound ligands confers a buffering capacity for potential inputs of dissolved metals into the Northern Adriatic Sea. The speciation of both copper and zinc in the dissolved phase was dominated by organic complexation. 相似文献
90.
Furlan Lorenzo Pozzebon Alberto Duso Carlo Simon-Delso Noa Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Marchand Patrice A. Codato Filippo Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11798-11820
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over-reliance on pesticides for pest control is inflicting serious damage to the environmental services that underpin agricultural productivity. The... 相似文献