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91.
Óscar García-Algar Meritxell Zapater Cecilia Figueroa Oriol Vall Xavier Basagaña Jordi Sunyer 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1312-1317
Abstract Sources and concentrations of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were examined in Barcelona, Spain, during 1996– 1999. A total of 340 dwellings of infants participating in a hospital-based cohort study were selected from different areas of the city. Passive filter badges were used for indoor NO2 measurement over 7–30 days. Dwelling inhabitants completed a questionnaire on housing characteristics and smoking habits. Data on outdoor NO2 concentrations were available for the entire period of the study in the areas of the city where indoor concentrations were determined. Bivariate analysis was performed to investigate relationships between indoor NO2 concentrations on one hand and outdoor NO2 concentrations, housing, and occupant characteristics on the other. Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed with variables that were 1996 and 27.02 ppb in 1999, with the highest yearly value of 27.82 ppb in 1997. In the same time period, mean outdoor NO2 concentration ranged between 25.26 and 25.78 ppb with a peak of 30.5 ppb in 1998. Multiple regression analysis showed that principal sources of indoor NO2 concentrations were the use of a gas cooker, the absence of an extractor fan when cooking, and cigarette smoking. The absence of central heating was also associated with higher NO2 concentrations. Finally, each ppb increase in outdoor NO2 was associated with a 1% increase in indoor concentrations. 相似文献
92.
Pokorná Petra Leoni Cecilia Schwarz Jaroslav Ondráček Jakub Ondráčková Lucie Vodička Petr Zíková Naděžda Moravec Pavel Bendl Jan Klán Miroslav Hovorka Jan Zhao Yongjing Cliff Steven S. Ždímal Vladimír Hopke Philip K. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38631-38643
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic with its capital city Ostrava is a European air pollution hot spot for airborne particulate matter... 相似文献
93.
Ildikó Kovács Gábor Veréb Szabolcs Kertész Cecilia Hodúr Zsuzsanna László 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34912-34921
In the present study, TiO2-coated ultrafiltration membranes were prepared and used for oily water filtration (droplet size <?2 μm). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different salt contents on fouling and filtration properties of neat and TiO2-coated membranes during oil-in-water emulsion filtration. The effect of the TiO2 coating on the flux, surface free energy, and retention values was measured and compared with the neat membrane values. The cleanability of the fouled TiO2-coated membranes by UV irradiation was also investigated by measuring flux recovery and contact angles, and the chemical changes during cleaning were characterized by ATR-IR. It was found that increasing the salt content of the model wastewaters, oil-in-water emulsions, increased the zeta potential and the size of the droplets. The presence of the TiO2 coating decreases the membrane fouling during oily emulsion filtration compared to the neat membrane, due to the hydrophilicity of the coating regardless of the salt content of the emulsions. The neat and coated membrane oil retention was similar, 96?±?2%. The coated membrane can be effectively cleaned with UV irradiation without additional chemicals and a significant flux recovery can be achieved. Monitoring of the cleaning process by following the membrane surface wettability and ATR-IR measurements showed that the recovery of flux does not mean the total elimination of the oil layer from the membrane surface. 相似文献
94.
Severyn Salis Cecilia Testa Paola Roncada Sara Armorini Nicola Rubattu Angelo Ferrari 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(9):699-709
The occurrence of pesticides intended for non-agricultural use was investigated in 206 dust samples drawn from vacuum-cleaner bags from residential flats in Italy. The multi-residue analysis targeted on 95 different active principles was performed with UPLC-MS/MS, with a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 μg/g dry weight. The results indicated the presence of imidacloprid (IMI) and carbendazim (CARB) in 30% and 26% of the samples, with a mean and P95 concentration between 1.6 and 39 and between 0.08 and 4.9 μg/g, respectively. Combined presence of two biocides was noted in 19.4% samples, of three biocides in 9.2% samples, of four biocides in 3.4% samples, and of five and six biocides in 0.5% and 1% samples, respectively. According to the estimated dust intake in infants/toddlers aged 6–24 months (16–100 mg d?1) and cats (200 mg d?1), it was possible to obtain risk characterization with respect to the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for IMI of 0.060 mg/kg body weight (bw) proposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the chronic Population Adjusted Dose (cPAD) of 0.019 mg/kg bw d?1 by US-EPA. Under the worst-case scenario, the presence of IMI in dust indicates potential exceedance of the cPAD in kittens, to be considered as sentinel also accounting for combined exposure. This study highlights the relevance of consumer empowerment about the responsible use of pesticides as biocidal products in indoor environment. 相似文献
95.
Emotional,physical, and social needs among 0–5‐year‐old children displaced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake: associated characteristics and exposures
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MaryCatherine Arbour Kara A. Murray Hirokazu Yoshikawa Felipe Arriet Cecilia Moraga Miguel Angel Cordero Vega 《Disasters》2017,41(2):365-387
An 8.8‐magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on 27 February 2010, displacing nearly 2,000 children aged less than five years to emergency housing camps. Nine months later, this study assessed the needs of 140 displaced 0–5‐year‐old children in six domains: caregiver stability and protection; health; housing; nutrition; psychosocial situation; and stimulation. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the degree to which emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with baseline characteristics and exposure to the earthquake, to stressful events, and to ongoing risks in the proximal post‐earthquake context. In each domain, 20 per cent or fewer children had unmet needs. Of all children in the sample, 20 per cent had unmet needs in multiple domains. Children's emotional, physical, and social needs were associated with ongoing exposures amenable to intervention, more than with baseline characteristics or epicentre proximity. Relief efforts should address multiple interrelated domains of child well‐being and ongoing risks in post‐disaster settings. 相似文献
96.
MC Cruz DG Cacciabue JF Gil O Gamboni MS Vicente S Wuertz E Gonzo VB Rajal 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(9):2338-2349
Many developing and threshold countries rely on shallow groundwater wells for their water supply whilst pit latrines are used for sanitation. We employed a unified strategy involving satellite images and environmental monitoring of 16 physico-chemical and microbiological water quality parameters to identify significant land uses that can lead to unacceptable deterioration of source water, in a region with a subtropical climate and seasonally restricted torrential rainfall in Northern Argentina. Agricultural and non-agricultural sources of nitrate were illustrated in satellite images and used to assess the organic load discharged. The estimated human organic load per year was 28.5 BOD(5) tons and the N load was 7.5 tons, while for poultry farms it was 9940-BOD(5) tons and 1037-N tons, respectively. Concentrations of nitrates and organics were significantly different between seasons in well water (p values of 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). The onset of the wet season had an extraordinarily negative impact on well water due in part to the high permeability of soils made up of fine gravels and coarse sand. Discriminant analysis showed that land uses had a pronounced seasonal influence on nitrates and introduced additional microbial contamination, causing nitrification and denitrification in shallow groundwater. P-well was highly impacted by a poultry farm while S-well was affected by anthropogenic pollution and background load, as revealed by Principal Component Analysis. The application of microbial source tracking techniques is recommended to corroborate local sources of human versus animal origin. 相似文献
97.
Daniel B. Abrams Cecilia Cullen Fereshteh Ghiami Shomami 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2023,59(3):481-497
Most groundwater modelers avoid using static heads measured from active production wells because they can introduce a bias into model calibration. However, in the deep confined Cambrian-Ordovician Sandstone Aquifer System in the Central Midcontinent of North America, dedicated observation wells are sparse and remote from areas of most concentrated pumping. As a result, in areas where drawdown is the greatest and modeling is most needed, only static heads from production wells are available for calibration. This paper evaluates two leading sources of discrepancies in using production well data, spatial and temporal structural error (S.E.). A simple Theis solution is used to evaluate the potential magnitude of spatial S.E. when calibrating a regional MODFLOW model with coarse cell resolution. Despite theoretical analyses indicating that spatial S.E. could be significant, statistical analysis of the model results suggests that temporal S.E. is dominant. Long (ranging over decades) or frequent (monthly) head datasets are key in understanding temporal S.E., to better capture water-level variability. In this study, the range in static head observations impacted estimates of the remaining time a well could extract water from the aquifer by 0.1 to 16.0 years. This uncertainty in future water supply is highly relevant to stakeholders and must be assessed in hydrographs depicting risk. 相似文献
98.
Nikoloff Noelia Carranza Martin Ana C. Fabra Mariana C. Furnus Cecilia C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29188-29199
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of amitraz (AMZ) on the primary culture of bovine cumulus cells (CC) and... 相似文献
99.
Stef Bokhorst Stine Højlund Pedersen Ludovic Brucker Oleg Anisimov Jarle W. Bjerke Ross D. Brown Dorothee Ehrich Richard L. H. Essery Achim Heilig Susanne Ingvander Cecilia Johansson Margareta Johansson Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir Niila Inga Kari Luojus Giovanni Macelloni Heather Mariash Donald McLennan Gunhild Ninis Rosqvist Atsushi Sato Hannele Savela Martin Schneebeli Aleksandr Sokolov Sergey A. Sokratov Silvia Terzago Dagrun Vikhamar-Schuler Scott Williamson Yubao Qiu Terry V. Callaghan 《Ambio》2016,45(5):516-537
100.
Agustín González Cecilia I. Alvarez Igarzabal 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(2):214-220
Hybrid materials represent the family of compounds comprising mixtures of natural and synthetic materials. The study of this field is in a marked expansion since their preparation represents a valid methodology for optimizing the insufficient properties exhibited by materials integrally formed from naturally-occurring sources. In the present work, we describe soy protein modification by grafting reaction with methyl methacrylate. The reaction was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis and Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. In addition, films were prepared with the material by heat compression. Films were physically and mechanically characterized by determining contact angle with water, total soluble matter, moisture content, swelling in water, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus. These measurements suggest that the material increased its hydrophobic character as compared with that of the control film since marked reductions in water vapor permeability, swelling and water solubility were determined. Moreover, their mechanical properties were improved by obtaining a more rigid material. These results represent an interesting advance in the preparation of hybrid biocomposites. 相似文献