稀土元素镧对金鱼藻生长生理及细胞叶绿体结构的影响

研究了稀土元素镧（Ｌａ）对金鱼藻（Ｃｅｒａｔｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｄｅｍｅｒｓｕｍ）叶绿素总量、抗坏血酸氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等代谢指标和细胞叶绿体亚显微结构的影响，以及金鱼藻对镧的吸收积累作用．结果表明，短期内低浓度（２—１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的镧对金鱼藻生长有一定刺激促进作用，但随处理时间的延长及处理浓度的提高，抑制作用明显增强，并破坏细胞叶绿体结构；金鱼藻对镧有较强的吸收积累能力     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术

城市垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度、难处理的有机废水，本文综述了城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术，并对各种渗滤液处理方案及技术进行了分析。     

Effects of copper, chromium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa 251

Individual and combined effects of three heavy metals; namely, copper, chromium and nickel, on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of the unicellular green alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa 251, were determined. Within the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg litre(-1) of the three heavy metals tested on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of the alga, the order of toxicity of the three heavy metals was copper > chromium > nickel. The presence of one of the three heavy metals interacted synergistically with the other two heavy metals in various bimetallic combinations on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of the alga.     

Relevance of enantiomeric separations in environmental science

A significant number of all organic chemicals that are released into the environment are racemic mixtures. Most environmental regulations and scientific environmental studies treat racemic mixtures as though they were single, pure compounds. This can lead to incorrect toxicological, distribution, degradation and other data. A series of new enantioselective chromatographic techniques have been developed that allow the facile separation and quantitation of chiral compounds of environmental importance. Nineteen racemic compounds that have been or currently are being released to the environment are resolved. These include: rodenticides--Warfarin, Coumachlor and Coumafuryl; insecticides--Crufomate, Bulan, Fonofos, Mitotane; insect repellent--Ethohexadiol; herbicides and fungicides--Ancymidol, Silvex, Napropamide, phenyl mercuric lactate, 2-[3-chlorophenoxy]propionamide, and 2-chloropropionic acid; and halocarbons-1,2-dichloropropane, 2-bromo-1-chloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 2,3-dichlorobutane and alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane. Several examples are given to illustrate the importance of enantioselective measurements of these and other compounds. Choosing the proper chromatographic technique and chiral stationary phase based on analyte structure is also discussed.     

利用百合(Lilium davidii)根尖细胞的微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的探讨

首次报道了利用百合根尖细胞微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的可行性和优越性。实验证明,百合根尖比蚕豆根尖细胞的微核细胞率更敏感。     

中子活化示踪沙技术在环境科学中的应用方法研究

应用先进的中子活化示踪沙技术就排污口污染泥沙的运移扩散规律及其对环境的污染影响进行了实地勘测和研究，给出了污染泥沙运移扩散的方向，不同方向的扩散量和污染泥沙的沉积区域及污染影响的预测，为环境科学研究提供了一种新的测试方法，为环境影响评价增添了一项新的预测内容。     

NOM characteristics and treatabilities of ozonation processes

The objectives of this study were intended to evaluate the effects of the characteristics of natural organic matter on the treatabilities of ozonation, coagulation, filtration, and granular activated carbon processes. The ultra-violet absorbance (UV254) was used as a surrogate parameter to assess each process in reducing the disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP). The results indicate that the DBPFP varies with the sources of water samples and treatment processes, but is closely related to the measurement of UV254/DOC. Coagulation/sedimentation can eliminate large molecular weight organic fractions. Both pre- and post-ozonation processes can reduce some of DBP precursors than the conventional treatment process, and are more reliable for reducing the overall DBPFP.     

Seasonal and spatial variation of solvent extractable organic compounds in fine suspended particulate matter in Hong Kong

The results of a 12-month study of more than 100 solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC) in particulate matter (PM) less than or equal to 2.5 microm (PM2.5) collected at three air monitoring stations located at roadside, urban, and rural sites in Hong Kong are reported. The total yield of SEOC that accounts for approximately 8-18% of organic carbon (OC) determined by a thermal optical transmittance method was 125-2060 ng/m3, which included 14.6-128 ng/m3 resolved aliphatic hydrocarbons, 39.4-1380 ng/m3 unresolved complex mixtures, 0.6-17.2 ng/m3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 41.6-520 ng/m3 fatty acids, and < 0.1-12.1 ng/m3 alkanols. Distinct seasonal variations (summer/winter differences) were observed with higher concentrations of the total and each class of SEOC in the winter and lower concentrations in the summer. Spatial variations are also obvious, with the roadside samples having the highest concentrations of SEOC and the rural samples having the lowest concentrations in all seasons. Characteristic ratios of petroleum hydrocarbons, such as carbon preference index, unresolved to resolved components, and carbon number with maximum concentration, suggest that PM2.5 carbon in Hong Kong originates from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The proportion of SEOC in PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources is estimated.     

The effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of pesticide

The photocatalytic degradation of Cartap Hydrochloride, a synthetic pesticide. has been investigated over coated TiO2 photocatalysts irradiated with a ultraviolet (UV) light. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., Cartap Hydrochloride concentration, reaction time, light intensity and additive on the degradation rate of aqueous solution of Cartap Hydrochloride has been examined. Results show that the employment of efficient photocatalysts and the selection of optimal operational parameters may lead to degradation of Cartap Hydrochloride solutions.     

Comparisons of metal leachability for various wastes by extraction and leaching methods

The objective of this research was to evaluate three extraction tests, i.e., toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP), extraction procedure (EP), and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods, for their ability to extract metals in chemical sludge and incineration bottom ash, in terms of the precision of analytical results. Typical chemical sludges, including the electroplating and dye-stuff sludges, the municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash, the leather debris, and the steel-mill bottom residue containing Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were prepared for the lysimetry test (dynamic testing) to compare with the extraction results. Results show that for bottom residue and dye-stuff sludge, the concentration of metal leached was almost the same between the lysimetry leaching and the TCLP tests. The metal concentration followed the order: TCLP approximately = EP > ASTM. TCLP and EP exhibited almost the same relative standard deviation (RSD) value. Therefore, the results of the TCLP tests for bottom residue and dye-stuff sludge, which have a low metal content and alkalinity, can be used to estimate the metal concentration leached by typical acid rain in Taiwan; whereas the ASTM extraction test may be a better indicator of the lysimetry test.