驯化活性污泥SBR工艺处理乳制品废水研究

乳制品废水直接采用生物法处理在现有研究中较少,为验证处理效果,将4阶段驯化后的活性污泥投加到SBR中,进行了低浓度乳制品废水的直接生物降解试验,主要考察了对COD、NH4-N的去除效果,结果显示:活性污泥驯化期间,COD、NH4-N平均去除率分别为93%、90%;驯化后的活性污泥处理效果稳定,当进水COD为1654 mg/L、NH4-N为115 mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N分别为66 mg/L、2 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准,证明了用驯化活性污泥直接处理低浓度乳制品废水是可行的.     

环境中四溴双酚A降解技术的进展研究

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)作为一种常见的溴系阻燃剂(BFRs),广泛应用于印刷电路板、绝缘电线以及各种聚碳酸酯塑料中,也是目前全球产量和使用量最大的溴系阻燃剂.由于TBBPA具有持久性,生物累积性和毒性,严重威胁了人类健康和生态系统安全,近年来已经被认定是一种值得探讨与关注的环境内分泌干扰物,TBBPA作为一种新的"POPs问题"成为了目前降解技术研究的热点.通过综合国内外的相关研究,对TBBPA的物理降解、化学降解,生物降解等降解技术进行了综述,并对存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行了讨论与展望.     

Regeneration of commercial selective catalyst reduction catalysts deactivated by Pb and other inorganic elements

The regeneration of commercial SCR(Selective Catalyst Reduction) catalysts deactivated by Pb and other elements was studied.The deactivated catalyst samples were prepared by chemical impregnation with mixed solution containing K_2SO_4,Na_2SO_4,CaSO_4,Pb(NO_3)_2and NH_4H_2PO_4.A novel method combining Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA-2Na) and H_2SO_4solution(viz.catalysts treated by dilute EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 solution in sequence) was used to recover the activity of deactivated samples,and the effect was compared with single H_2SO_4,oxalic acid,acetic acid,EDTA or HNO_3 solutions.The surface structure,acidity and reducibility of samples were characterized by N_2adsorption–desorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),H-2-temperature programmed section(H_2-TPR),NH3-temperature programmed desorption(NH3-TPD) and in situ DRIFTS.Impurities caused a decrease of specific surface area and surface reducibility,as well as Br?nsted acid sites,and therefore led to severe deactivation of the SCR catalyst.The use of an acid solution alone possibly eliminated the impurities on the deactivated catalyst to some extent,and also increased the specific surface area and Br?nsted acid sites and promoted the surface reducibility,thus recovered the activity partially.The combination of EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 could remove most of the impurities and improve the activity significantly.The removal of Pb should be an important factor for regeneration.Due to a high removal rate for Pb and other impurities,the combination of EDTA-2Na and H_2SO_4 solutions provided the best efficiency.     

海口市湿地保护修复经验

本文从海口湿地资源现状及特点、湿地面临威胁与问题、湿地保护修复经验等几个方面深入分析,总结了近年来海口市湿地保护修复工作的主要经验与启示,总结出"海口经验",即高位推动、顶层规划、示范带动、全民参与、合理利用,并对海口未来需要重点关注的内容提出了建议。在当今生态文明建设战略背景下,保护好人类发展的绿色基础设施——湿地,将产生巨大的生态、社会和经济效益。因此,将"海口经验"推向全国,并在全国形成示范作用,对落实湿地保护与合理利用的相关政策与制度、提高全民湿地保护意识、推动我国湿地保护管理进程具有重要意义。     

基于Access的海原特大地震黄土地震滑坡数据库的构建

自2016年以来,防灾科技学院对1920年海原特大地震形成的黄土地震滑坡开展了全面系统的野外调查工作,获取了数百个黄土地震滑坡的详细调查资料,为便于资料的管理和应用,建立了首个海原特大地震黄土地震滑坡数据库系统.主要从资料来源、access 2019软件系统的可行性、数据库的设计及建设4个方面详细介绍了海原特大地震黄土...     

干旱扬水灌区土地资源承载状态演变分析

为解决干旱扬水灌区土地资源承载状态受多因素耦合影响而难以定量化描述的难题.本文以景电一期灌区为例,基于多级模糊评价理论构建评价指标体系,引入解决复杂系统模糊性及不确定性具有特有优势的云模型,结合黄金分割率法与云发生器原理集成了评语集标准云模型与状态层隶属度云模型,以组合赋权算法求解了指标权重,最终以云数字特征的形式对灌区1994年、2002年、2010年及2018年的土地资源承载状态进行了定量表述.结果表明:灌区各时期土地资源承载状态综合评价云分别为C₁(0.3175,0.0728,0.0131)、C₂(0.5846,0.0418,0.0117)、C₃(0.5315,0.0379,0.0098)、C₄(0.7045,0.0614,0.0144).结合云相似度分布特征可知,各时期土地资源承载状态分别为"轻微承载"、"临界承载"、"临界承载"及"承载安全".可知灌区土地资源承载状态自1994年—2018年主要经历了3个演变阶段,即1994—2002年为"快速改善期"、2002—2010年为"环境损伤期"、2010—2018年为"健康恢复期".该方法可为指导研究区及相似研究区寻求生产需求与生态保护之间的平衡机制提供有益参考.     

油田井口加热炉烟尘排放超标原因分析及治理方法

针对井口加热炉燃用套管气出现的烟尘排放超标问题,从燃烧方式及燃料组成方面分析发现,加热炉所采用的扩散式燃烧,火焰面燃料侧缺少氧气,燃料产生热分解生成炭黑颗粒;另外,套管气含有大量的重碳烷烃,其稳定性差、分解温度低,加剧了热分解反应。因此,控制套管气质量和改变燃烧方式是治理烟尘排放超标的基本途径。但是井口加装轻烃回收装置,分离出套管气中的重碳烷烃,成本高不可行。最终,基于预混燃烧理论,设计了双调风预混燃烧装置,现场实施结果表明,不仅烟尘排放降低了87.8%,而且NOx排放降低了58.6%、热效率提升了8.2%。实践证明,预混燃烧是治理井口加热炉烟尘排放超标的有效方法。     

硫酸钙垢层清洗方法研究

从化学热力学角度和沉淀转化角度,理论上分析了碳酸钠、氢氧化钠分别与硫酸钙发生化学反应的可能性和反应进行的限度。并结合动力学规律,提出影响化学反应的条件,通过实验进行检验。最后提出,在实际工作中,达到良好清洗目的可采取的措施。     

餐厨垃圾与污水污泥共消化产酸试验研究

研究了餐厨垃圾与污水污泥在不同混合比例、不同污泥停留时间条件下的共消化产酸效果。试验结果表明:当餐厨垃圾与污水污泥TS比为1∶3时,SRT=1 d的反应器酸化效率最高,且乙酸含量占优,产酸效果较佳;当TS之比为1∶1时,各反应器产酸量普遍高于1∶3时,其中SRT=5 d产酸反应器,最高酸化效率达5.94,产酸量最大,且乙酸含量占优,运行效果最佳。     

Fine particle-bound PAHs derivatives at mountain background site (Mount Tai) of the North China: Concentration, source diagnosis and health risk assessment

Ten nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nPAHs) and 4 oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oPAHs) in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) samples from Mount Tai were analyzed during summer (June to August), 2015. During the observation campaign, the mean concentration of total nPAHs and oPAHs was 31.62 pg/m³ and 0.15 ng/m³, respectively. Two of the monitored compounds, namely 9-nitro-anthracene (9N-ANT) (6.86 pg/m³) and 9-fluorenone (9FO) (0.05 ng/m³) were the predominant compounds of nPAHs and oPAHs, respectively. The potential source and long-range transportation of nPAHs and oPAHs were investigated by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) methods. The results revealed that biomass/coal burning, gasoline vehicle emission, diesel vehicle emission and secondary formation were the dominant sources of nPAHs and oPAHs, which were mainly from Henan province and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Bohai sea. The incremental life cancer risk (ILCR) values were calculated to evaluate the exposure risk of nPAHs and oPAHs for three group people (infant, children and adult), and the values of ILCR were 7.02 × 10^?10, 3.49 × 10^?9 and 1.41 × 10^?8 for infant, children and adults, respectively. All these values were lower than the standard of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (<10^?6), indicating acceptable health risk of nPAHs and oPAHs.