The many benefits of employee well‐being in organizational research

We undertake three objectives in this Incubator. We begin with a discussion of how well‐being has been considered in organizational research. Second, we provide an overview of the relationship between employee well‐being and such workplace outcomes as job performance, employee retention, and cardiovascular health. Third, we introduce exciting research directions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Water quality and health in northern Canada: stored drinking water and acute gastrointestinal illness in Labrador Inuit

One of the highest self-reported incidence rates of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the global peer-reviewed literature occurs in Inuit communities in the Canadian Arctic. This high incidence of illness could be due, in part, to the consumption of contaminated water, as many northern communities face challenges related to the quality of municipal drinking water. Furthermore, many Inuit store drinking water in containers in the home, which could increase the risk of contamination between source and point-of-use (i.e., water recontamination during storage). To examine this risk, this research characterized drinking water collection and storage practices, identified potential risk factors for water contamination between source and point-of-use, and examined possible associations between drinking water contamination and self-reported AGI in the Inuit community of Rigolet, Canada. The study included a cross-sectional census survey that captured data on types of drinking water used, household practices related to drinking water (e.g., how it was collected and stored), physical characteristics of water storage containers, and self-reported AGI. Additionally, water samples were collected from all identified drinking water containers in homes and analyzed for presence of Escherichia coli and total coliforms. Despite municipally treated tap water being available in all homes, 77.6% of households had alternative sources of drinking water stored in containers, and of these containers, 25.2% tested positive for total coliforms. The use of transfer devices and water dippers (i.e., smaller bowls or measuring cups) for the collection and retrieval of water from containers were both significantly associated with increased odds of total coliform presence in stored water (OR_{transfer device} = 3.4, 95% CI 1.2–11.7; OR_dipper = 13.4, 95% CI 3.8–47.1). Twenty-eight-day period prevalence of self-reported AGI during the month before the survey was 17.2% (95% CI 13.0–22.5), which yielded an annual incidence rate of 2.4 cases per person per year (95% CI 1.8–3.1); no water-related risk factors were significantly associated with AGI. Considering the high prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, indicator bacteria in drinking water stored in containers, potential exposure to waterborne pathogens may be minimized through interventions at the household level.     

一种基于图像内容过滤的有线电视网信息审计系统

如何实现广播电视网节目内容的自动审计已成为目前广播电视网网络安全所面临的问题。笔者首先分析了目前有线电视网节目内容的审计,大多基于人工,不仅费时费力,且与先进的现代电视技术极不相匹配,接着对图像内容过滤的关键技术进行了分析,并用反差、能量、熵、相关4个特征量表示纹理特征,在此基础上用交互的动态规划法来进行图像对象分割然后利用相似度描述两个特征量的相似程度,最后以对黄色内容识别为实例,通过提取图像的纹理特征与定义好的特征库相匹配,监控包含不良人体图像信息的视频,实现对有线电视网节目内容的自动审计。     

电絮凝法处理重金属底泥清淤尾水

采用电絮凝法处理湘江霞湾港重金属底泥清淤尾水,研究了电极转换方式、起始pH值和电流密度对尾水中各污染物去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,采用先由铁作为阳极反应20 min,然后转换铝作为阳极反应10 min的组合方式,当起始pH值为6,电流密度为100 A·m-2时,Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、Hg、As、NH4+-N和TP的去除效率分别可以达到99.2%、98.6%、99.3%、98.4%、99.5%、99.7%、84.8%和95.9%。电絮凝法去除尾水中重金属的主要机制是分布于悬浮物中的重金属主要通过疏松态铝的絮凝以及氢气的气浮作用去除,而分布于过滤液中的重金属主要以其氢氧化物沉淀去除。     

纳米TiO2光催化-超滤法处理模拟二级出水

采用纳米TiO2光催化-超滤对模拟二级出水进行处理。分别考察了纳米TiO2光催化剂的投加量、光催化反应时间、光催化过程曝气量、膜出水通量以及回流比对废水中污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:光催化反应最优处理工况,纳米TiO2投加量250 mg/L、反应时间150 min、曝气量为1.0 L/min、膜出水通量为115 L/(m2·h)、错流过滤的回流比200%;在此工况条件下,出水的UV254和TOC的去除率分别为96%和84%。     

臭氧对再生水中指示病原微生物的灭活特性

以臭氧投加量(TOD)为臭氧消耗剂量评价指标,研究了北京市某实际再生水中臭氧对大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢的灭活特性,以及消毒过程中臭氧对溶解性有机碳(DOC)、色度、UV254、荧光强度的去除效果。在此基础之上,分析了色度与指示病原微生物灭活特性之间的相关性。结果表明,臭氧对大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢的灭活特性与余臭氧浓度有关。当水中无法检测到余臭氧时,随着TOD的增加,大肠杆菌灭活率增加的速率较慢,TOD增加 3 mg/L,灭活率增加了1.5 log。枯草芽孢则无显著灭活。当水中余臭氧浓度大于0时,大肠杆菌灭活率增加的速率快速提升,TOD增加 3 mg/L,灭活率增加了3 log。枯草芽孢灭活率也随TOD的增加而显著增加。消毒过程中,DOC无显著变化,而臭氧对色度、UV254、三维荧光强度的去除效果显著。当色度随TOD的增加而趋于稳定时,水中余臭氧浓度开始显著上升,预示着指示病原微生物开始进入高效灭活阶段。同时,进水色度越大,指示病原微生物进入高效灭活阶段所需的TOD越大。     

有机膨润土负载纳米零价铁还原-类芬顿氧化降解2,4-二氯苯酚

目前,虽然有很多关于纳米零价铁(NZVI)通过吸附、还原和氧化作用去除各种污染物的报道,但关于如何联合这些方法来提高污染物的去除率仍然不是很清楚。本实验研究了联合有机膨润土DK1(十六烷基三甲基铵盐改性,d(001)=2.2 nm)吸附、NZVI还原、类芬顿氧化作用来去除溶液中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的方法。在反应前30分钟,有机膨润土DK1负载NZVI(NZVI/DK1)通过吸附还原作用去除溶液中2,4-DCP,2,4-DCP和COD的去除率分别为16.1%和7.8%,说明了吸附还原作用对2,4-DCP的去除效果是有限的。接着向溶液中滴加适量的H2O2,在5 min内2,4-DCP的去除率由16.1%提高到了99%以上,COD的去除率达到了64.1%,这可能是由于NZVI腐蚀形成铁的氧化物缓慢释放出Fe2+和Fe3+,增强了芬顿反应对2,4-DCP和降解产物的氧化去除效果。通过SEM,EDS,UV-Vis和GC-MS等分析方法佐证了上面的结果。最后提出了联合吸附、还原和Fenton氧化去除2,4-DCP的机制。     

AAOA-MBR工艺污水脱氮特性及脱氮机制

为了提高污水脱氮效果,在传统A2O工艺的基础上,增加后置缺氧段并与膜生物反应器相结合,构建了AAOA-MBR污水处理中试装置,进行了中试实验。实验结果表明,在进水COD浓度为100.00~280.00 mg/L、TN浓度为18.32~31.86 mg/L、NH4+-N浓度为12.78~24.44 mg/L时,COD、TN和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别达到了90.0%、72.1%和99.0%,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)中的一级A标准;通过多点进水优化了内源配置,节约了碳源,强化了脱氮效果;采用膜池回流供氧,可在节能的同时保证缺氧池1的缺氧环境,提高了反硝化效果。本文的研究成果为实际污水处理工程市场提供了一套高效脱氮的新工艺。     

短程硝化反硝化工艺处理低C/N餐厨废水

针对餐厨废水的水质特点,提出低C/N下的短程硝化反硝化餐厨废水处理组合工艺。通过控制微氧区、好氧区DO分别为0.5 mg/L和2.5 mg/L;硝化液,微氧区混合液和污泥回流比分别为200%、100%和100%,可以实现NO2--N累积率达到90%以上,COD、氨氮平均去除率为73.42%和98.57%。较低的C/N使得反硝化效果不佳,对反应器进水补充适量的甲醇作为碳源,在COD/TN约为4的情况下,以NO2--N为主的反硝化可以使反应器对TN的去除率达到94%,出水各项指标符合相关排放标准,实现了餐厨废水高效和经济的生物脱氮。     

O2/CO2气氛下市政污泥混煤燃烧及动力学特性

采用差示扫描量热法对市政污泥、神华烟煤和淮北烟煤单独及不同比例混合物在O2/CO2气氛下进行燃烧特性的实验研究,结果表明,市政污泥综合燃烧特性最好,神华烟煤次之,淮北烟煤最差;随着污泥掺混比例的增加,混合试样着火温度和燃尽温度提前,综合燃烧特性得到改善,但燃烧放热量减少。利用Freeman-Carroll法对淮北烟煤、市政污泥及两者混合物的燃烧动力学参数进行计算,得到市政污泥、淮北烟煤和神华烟煤的平均反应活化能E分别为48.34、68.32和51.47 kJ/mol。