Increasing collaboration between China and India in the environmental sciences to foster global sustainability

As the two largest countries by population, China and India have pervasive effects on the ecosphere. Because of their human population size and long international boundary, they share biodiversity and the threats to it, as well as crops, pests and diseases. We ranked the two countries on a variety of environmental challenges and solutions, illustrating quantitatively their environmental footprint and the parallels between them regarding the threats to their human populations and biodiversity. Yet we show that China and India continue to have few co-authorships in environmental publications, even as their major funding for scientific research has expanded. An agenda for collaboration between China and India can start with the shared Himalaya, linking the countries’ scientists and institutions. A broader agenda can then be framed around environmental challenges that have regional patterns. Coordinated and collaborative research has the potential to improve the two countries’ environmental performance, with implications for global sustainability.     

基于AQUATOX模型的集装箱养殖尾水净化塘生态系统模拟及调控预测

为解决传统养殖中养殖尾水的环境污染问题,促进池塘养殖可持续发展,基于新建的集装箱式循环水养殖系统,构建了三级养殖尾水净化塘水生态系统模型,对池塘水质、浮游植物及水生动物生物量以及池塘生态系统的演变进行了为期6个月的模拟预测,并设置添加沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类2种情景模拟。结果表明：水质模拟值的变化趋势与实测值基本一致,模拟值与实测值的平均相对误差为4.98% ~ 23.37%;模拟预测的设定条件下和模拟时段中,池塘生态系统的结构趋于稳定,形成以绿藻为主的藻类群落、以摇蚊和桡足类为主的水生动物群落;在尾水净化塘中,添加沉水植物对氮磷去除效果不明显,但对增加水体中溶解氧质量浓度作用明显,3个池塘溶解氧变化率最大值分别为23.11%、45.39%和77.90%;添加低密度滤食性鱼类有助于浮游植物的生长,3个池塘硅藻生物量的最大增幅为89.80%、47.22%和22.06%,绿藻生物量的最大增幅为76.95%、54.05%和23.29%,蓝藻生物量的最大增幅为45.99%、33.37%和20.30%。综上所述,基于AQUATOX构建串联的尾水净化塘水生态系统模型并模拟培植沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类的生物处理方法,不仅能够为管理者调整喂养结构提供借鉴与帮助,也可用于调控水生态系统组分,有利于水生态系统功能的恢复和平衡。本研究结果可为管理集装箱式循环水养殖模式的喂养结构、构建尾水净化塘生态系统、改进其他利用生物处理技术处理养殖尾水的养殖模式提供参考。     

混合型污水处理厂原位生物强化脱氮中试及微生物群落结构分析研究

针对混合型污水处理厂进水水质波动大、C/N低、总氮稳定达标困难等共性问题,开发出适宜于低C/N、贫营养等苛刻环境条件的高效脱氮菌剂.现场中试结果表明:经过脱氮菌强化后,生化系统脱氮效率提升8.5百分点,出水平均总氮较强化前下降3 mg/L,出水水质稳定性明显提升,生物强化效果显著.在不补加碳源条件下,深度处理出水总氮完...     

中试条件下稻秸干法厌氧发酵搅拌方式的优化

针对秸秆类农业废弃物干法厌氧发酵过程中易产生物料分层、表面结垢以及存在“死角”等问题,通过改进横卧推流式中试厌氧反应器搅拌工艺,探索了连续运行条件下机械搅拌、前端气动搅拌和全程气动搅拌等3种单一搅拌方式对稻秸干法厌氧发酵产气规律、底物降解特性及系统稳定性的影响,并通过进一步设置不同的搅拌频次优化了机械搅拌和前端气动搅拌组合工艺,综合考察了发酵效率和能源消耗情况。结果表明,在单一搅拌工艺条件下,稻秸干法厌氧发酵40 d总产气量呈现出“机械搅拌>前端气动搅拌>全程气动搅拌”的规律,分别为75.5、66.5和61.9 m³,对应的单位VS产气量分别为441.9、389.3和362.3 L·kg⁻¹,这说明采用改进型框型叶片的机械搅拌可有效翻动物料,以促进其与发酵液的充分接触。在进一步优化“机械+前端气动”的组合搅拌工艺后发现,稻秸40 d产气量与单一机械搅拌模式较为接近,尤其是“机械搅拌(每天4次)+前端气动搅拌(每天4次)”的组合搅拌方式,单位VS产气量高达447.2 L·kg ⁻¹,纤维素和半纤维素降解率分别可达14.9%和15.1%;但从能源损耗角度来看,“机械搅拌(每天2次)+前端气动搅拌(每天4次)”的组合搅拌方式中能耗最低,仅为单一机械搅拌方式能耗的约40%。在稻秸干法厌氧发酵工程实际运行过程中,可根据厌氧发酵效率和能耗节省需求,因地制宜地选择合适的组合搅拌工艺。本研究结果可为木质纤维素类废弃物干法厌氧发酵工程中的搅拌方式改进提供参考。     

沉淀-电解氧化法处理高铁氰化废水

采用沉淀-电解氧化联合技术处理高铁氰化提金废水,重点考察了沉淀剂添加量、沉淀时间、温度、电解电压、电解时间等因素对总氰、游离氰和铁氰络合物去除率的影响。结果表明,随着CuCl₂加入量的增大,氰化废水中各主要离子的沉淀率逐步增加。常温下向100 mL含氰废水中加入3.0 g CuCl₂并搅拌40 min后,总氰(CN_T)、CN⁻、Fe离子的去除率分别可达到95.29%、98.00%与100%。以钛板为阴阳极,采用一阴两阳体系对沉淀后液进行电解氧化实验,当电压为6 V、极间距为15 mm、电解时间为5 h、初始浓度为60%的条件下,CN_T和CN⁻的去除率最高可达到99.76%和99.90%。XRD分析表明,沉淀过程中铜氰、铁氰络合离子的去除主要归因于CuCN、Cu₂Fe(CN)₆、CuSCN等沉淀的形成。电解氧化过程中随着外加电压与氯离子浓度的增大,废水中残存的游离氰与金属氰络合离子的去除率逐渐增加,这主要是阳极反应产生的Cl₂/ClO⁻等强氧化剂作用的结果。以上研究结果可为高铁氰化提金废水的综合处理提供参考。     

Physical infrastructure,energy consumption,economic growth,and environmental pollution in Pakistan: an asymmetry analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study explores the symmetric and asymmetric effects of physical infrastructure on energy consumption, economic growth, and air pollution of...     

Effects of UV-modified biochar derived from phytoremediation residue on Cd bioavailability and uptake in Coriandrum sativum L. in a Cd-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been applied widely as an amendment in the remediation of contaminated soil to immobilize the heavy metals. However, the role of...     

Iodine enrichment and the underlying mechanism in deep groundwater in the Cangzhou Region,North China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The lack of information on the origin and behavior of iodine in deep groundwater restricts the development and use of groundwater resources. To...     

Delayed association of acute particulate matter 2.5 air pollution exposure with loss of complexity in cardiac rhythm dynamics: insight from detrended fluctuation analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There is a delayed (lag 1 to 2 days) correlation between acute PM 2.5 (particulate matter <?2.5 μm in aerodynamic...     

Uptake and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cultivated plants around an E-waste disposal site in Southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, soil, and cultivated plants at e-waste disposal sites in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were determined...