流域水生态承载力研究的起源和发展

流域水生态承载力的研究是近几年来从水生态的角度解决流域可持续发展问题的有效手段。通过文献综述的方法,从流域水生态承载力的起源和发展入手,对流域水生态承载力的理论基础,与相关已有研究的区别和联系进行了探讨,并对流域水生态承载力的进一步研究进行了展望。从起源上看,承载力理论、可持续发展和生态足迹理论、流域生态学理论分别是流域水生态承载力研究的基础、落脚点和支撑。从发展上看,水生态承载力是水资源和水环境承载力的有机结合和深化。从测度和评价方法上看,第一生产者的净初级生产力方法、生态足迹法、可持续发展指标法和生态系统健康等生态承载力的测度方法为流域水生态承载力的评价奠定了基础。目前流域水生态承载力的研究尚处于初级阶段,今后不论是在理论探讨还是模型应用中均应进一步体现人类与自然和谐共存的根本目的以及水体质、量辩证统一的规律,通过物质、能量、信息、空间和时间五位一体的研究方法,使流域水生态承载力的研究更具有实践意义     

银川东换流站MRTB转换失败引起闭锁原因分析

针对银川东换流站金属回线转换开关(Metallic Return Transfer Breaker,MRTB)转换失败引起直流闭锁的问题,通过对 MRTB 动作顺序、避雷器击穿原因、银川东换流站和胶东换流站保护动作进行分析,提出了采用延时 90 s 开放逆变站金属回线接地保护使能信号的方法,解决在转化过程中由于 MRTB 重合造成保护误动的问题。应用结果表明:该方法可以有效避免直流闭锁,保证了直流系统可靠运行。     

Cultural and individual differences in self‐rating behavior: an extension and refinement of the cultural relativity hypothesis

This study examined the relationships between culture, individual attributes, and self‐rating behavior among 1,786 university students in Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, and in doing so extended and refined the cultural relativity hypothesis. It explored the difference between vertical and horizontal individualists in self‐rating behavior, and examined the mediating effects of two individual attributes, self‐enhancement propensity and general self‐efficacy in the relationship between individualism and self‐rating behavior. The results confirmed that individualism is the cultural driver for self‐rating leniency, and that the individual‐level assessment of individualism is a stronger predictor of self‐rating leniency than are culture‐level differences. Vertical individualism was found to be positively related to self‐enhancement propensity, which in turn was positively related to self‐rating. Whereas, horizontal individualism was positively related to general self‐efficacy, which in turn had a positive relationship with self‐rating. We discuss the implications of the results for academic research and practical management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各地招退工过程中的行政控制立法比较

用人单位在招退工过程中,作为劳动保障部门的行政控制权究竟处于什么样的水平才是合适的,这一直是各地司法实践中所关注的问题.由于我国《劳动法》对这一问题没有作出明确规定,使得我国地方立法有了较大的空间.     

The Effect of Protective Gloves on Manual Dexterity in the Cold Environments

This article presents a study on the effect of different protective gloves (which are commercially available and commonly used in the cold) on manual dexterity in cold environments. The experiments compared statistically four different types of gloves and two different types of gloving (outer or double) at +19 °C and -10 °C. Performance was determined both objectively and subjectively using two manual dexterity tasks: bolt-nut and pick-up tasks. The response measured was the time of performing each task. Statistical analysis showed that all independent factors such as glove type, participant, object size, and temperature had significant effects on the hand cooling reaction. A significant difference in the performance between the gloves was found in the bolt-nut task. It was also found that outer-inner combination gloving may be an approach to use for precision tasks.     

Effects of ladder parameters on asymmetric patterns of force exertion during below-knee amputees climbing ladders

Different from walking, ladder climbing requires four-limb coordination and more energy exertion for below-knee amputees (BKAs). We hypothesized that functional deficiency of a disabled limb shall be compensated by the other three intact limbs, showing an asymmetry pattern among limbs. Hand and foot forces of six below-knee amputees and six able-bodied people were collected. Hand, foot and hand/foot sum force variances between groups (non-BKA, intact side and prosthetic side) were carefully examined. Our hypothesis was validated that there is asymmetry between prosthetic and intact side. Results further showed that the ipsilateral hand of the prosthetic leg is stronger than the hand on the intact side, compensating weakness of the prosthetic leg. Effects of ladder rung separations and ladder slant on asymmetric force distribution of BKAs were evaluated, indicating that rung separation has a more significant interactive effect on hand/foot force of BKAs than ladder slant.     

基于累积Logistic回归模型对化工园区人群认知风险的研究

随着化工园区重大危险源集中监管的深化,政府和企业在安全生产活动中扮演着比以往更重要的角色.如何降低园区内人群对危险源的敏感性,以便在有谣言时不会伴随更大的混乱;什么样的因素对园区内人群认知风险具有显著相关性,以便政府和企业在安全生产活动中更好地发挥职能.针对上述问题,通过对江西省某化工园区进行问卷调查,所得的数据采用累积logistic模型进行分析,得出对风险认知具有显著性差异的因素.有助于政府及企业管理人员对园区内人群认知风险的了解,建议化工园区以及政府需要进一步宣传安全知识,配套安全设备等,最终降低谣言对生产活动的影响、冲击,稳定社会秩序.     

钢铁联合企业氮氧化物排放研究

以某钢铁联合企业氮氧化物(NOx)主要固定排放点源为研究对象,对其2010年NOx排放情况进行调研,核算NOx排放量及各生产环节各生产设备的NOx排污系数.同时,结合目前国内外NOx减排控制技术与各厂减排潜力,提出适用的NOx减排控制管理措施及建议,为“十二五”期间钢铁企业进一步开展NOx减排控制工作提供思路和途径.     

个体生理状态及体表微气候监测系统研究

本文对能够反映人体健康状况的生理特征和人体舒适感的体表微气候的指标进行了分析,探讨了将传感器技术、信息传输和显示技术应用于个体防护服装进行健康与安全监护的路径与方法,设计了应用于人体生理状态和体表微气候监测的信息采集、传输、显示和记录系统,研制了可以用于防护服装的智能化生理指征和微气候监测系统,赋予个体防护服对着装者生理状况和着装微环境进行监测的功能。同时也对系统的结构与功能进行了分析和介绍,以便为个体防护服装的智能化监测提供借鉴与参考。     

医疗保健行业中的纳米材料：职业风险和预防

欧洲职业健康安全署近期发布电子纪要,解释了保健行业工作者在他们工作场所的日常活动中如何与纳米材料发生可能的接触,并提供了预防潜在接触可以采取的措施。这些措施包括国家层面的法律监管、消除与替代、工程控制、管理措施以及个体防护装备（PPE）。作者特编译此文,为国内相关领域提供参考。