Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

纸张消费激增拷问可持续发展对策

每个人每天都要用纸.如今,各类纸产品五花八门,在生活和工作的各个角落无所不在.但是有多少人知道,正是市场上日益丰富、琳琅满目的纸产品和消费者快速增加的需求,带来了中国南方海南、广西、云南、广东等省区经济发展模式的一场激烈争论.     

我校学生体育行为的调查研究

本文通过对我校03、04级学生的问卷调查，就我校学生的体育兴趣、体育课现状的态度、学校体育设置地满意程度、对教师工作的满意度等方面进行了调查分析；同时也对学生的体育行为进行了分析；并在调查研究的基础上对我国高校的体育指导思想和体育教学形式进行了反思，提出了以学生为本设计高校体育的教学形式及内容。     

拯救天堂雨林

5月初,刘芳又回到了这个“人又多又吵”的北京.一个月的雨林生活让她感觉恍如隔世,但在雨林中留下的各种淤青伤痕和蚊虫叮咬的痕迹,依旧勾起了她对那个真实的雨林世界的牵挂.     

Population growth, management and environmental degradation in China

Environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.     

银硫离子选择电极测定工业废水中的硫化物

本法用Ag/S离子选择电极测定废水中的硫化物,测定浓度范围0.1～1000.0mg/l,方法精密度为4.3％,回收率为P2.5％,检出限为0.1mg/l。大多数离子不干扰测定,该法简便快速,适用于例行监测。     

速灭菊酯在水稻-水-鱼系统中的动态

采用同位素示踪技术和模拟生态系统试验法,对水田施用速灭菊酯后对邻近水域的污染、水域中鱼类对速灭菊酯残留物的浓缩和排除等进行了研究,结果表明,在田表水中,残留物浓度随处理后时间而迅速降低。水系中淤泥对水中残留物有明显的吸附净化作用,鱼对水中速灭菊酯残留物的摄取和排除均很迅速。 用二室模型对速灭菊酯残留物在田表水中的消失、用一级输入和输出的单室模型对鱼体中残留物浓度随时间的变化动态研究表明,在田表水中,土壤对水中残留物起着强烈的吸附净化作用;在水系中,鱼体中残留物浓度的消长主要取决于残留物自身在水中的消失速率,只是在前期同时依赖于鱼体对残留物的排除效应,鱼体的摄入常数只对鱼体累积浓度最大值及到达最大值的时间T_m产生影响。     

炼厂含油水罐事故分析与防范措施研究

炼化企业中有大量含油水罐,这些储罐中含硫、含油,固有风险很高,事故频发,有必要对各类污水罐事故进行分析和研究,找出共性的问题,提出解决方案和事故防范对策。通过对所搜集到的2009-2012年发生的36起含油水罐事故,从储罐类型、事故类型、点火源、操作阶段等方面进行统计分析,对案例进行深入剖析,找出了污水罐在设计、设备防腐以及操作管理中存在问题,并针对问题提出了相应的建议措施。     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.     

铁屑微电解法预处理硝基氯苯生产废水的研究

研究了铁屑微电解法预处理某农药厂硝基氯苯生产废水。实验结果表明，铁屑微电解法可有效降低废水CODcr和色度，显著提高废水可生化性。废水经处理，CODcr去除率为73％，色度去除率达90％，BODs／CODcr从0．06提高到0．31。通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件,并探讨了各主要因素对处理效果的影响。另外，本文还分析了废水可生化性提高的原因。