城市生活垃圾半好氧生物反应器填埋技术试验研究

对城市生活垃圾半好氧生物反应器填埋技术与传统垃圾填埋技术进行了对比试验,由试验结果可知,半好氧生物反应器填埋技术可缩短填埋垃圾产酸时间,净化渗滤液,加速填埋垃圾稳定化进程.城市生活垃圾半好氧生物反应器填埋技术是中国中小城市垃圾填埋处理的发展方向.     

因子分析及其在河网水质综合评价中的应用研究

对因子分析方法在天然水体水质评价中的应用进行研究,证明在数据较为缺乏的情况下,使用因子分析方法可以损失较少信息,减少评价指标,针对主因子进行分析,使水质评价结果更为合理和有效。同时,利用因子的得分值还可以将不同地区进行比较分析。应用因子分析对河网地区典型河流的水质状况进行分析,发现了增长潜力较大的主要因子,并对该地区的水质状况做出了符合实际的总体评价,表明因子分析在水质评价中具有重要应用价值。     

溶液中阴离子对UV/H2O2降解十二烷基苯磺酸钠的影响及其机理

研究了UV/H2O2工艺对十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)的去除效果、溶液中阴离子对LAS降解的影响及机理.结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效地去除水中的LAS;在H2O2投加量为8 mg/L,14 W低压汞灯照射下,LAS在蒸馏水和自来水中的反应速率常数分别为0.018 0 、0.012 2 min-1;NO-3、Cl-、SO2-4和HCO-3对LAS光降解有抑制作用,当该4种离子摩尔浓度均分别为5、10、15 mmol/L时,对LAS光降解的抑制程度为HCO-3》NO-3》Cl-》SO2-4,且随着离子摩尔浓度的增大,抑制作用增强;LAS在自来水中的反应速率常数低于在蒸馏水中的反应速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果.     

混凝-氧化-微电解-过滤法处理维生素B1生产废水

针对维生素B₁生产废水成分复杂、难于生化降解、水质不稳定、固体悬浮颗粒含量高的特点，采用混凝-氧化-微电解-过滤的方法进行处理。当混凝剂三氯化铁的投加量为150 mg/L,氧化剂次氯酸钠使用量为40 mL/L,微电解反应器内pH为3～5，反应时间为50 min，混合滤料滤柱停留时间为35 min时，出水TOC、COD、色度等指标均达到了GB8978-1996所规定的二类水质的要求。     

火化过程中二噁英类污染物减排技术研究

为减少火化过程中二噁英类污染物的排放,研究了"热交换器 布袋除尘器 活性炭纤维毡"三级组合对火化遗体烟气中二噁英类污染物的去除效果.利用急冷技术将二次燃烧室排出的火化烟气温度降到90～130℃.实验表明,布袋除尘器去除火化烟气中二噁英类污染物的效率为57.4%;布袋除尘器分别与厚度为5、15 mm的活性炭纤维毡组合去除火化烟气中二噁英类污染物的效率分别为64.0%和89.2%.     

Estrogenic effects of phenolic compounds on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in MCF-7 cells and uterine glutathione peroxidase in rats

In this study, we tested phenolic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (NP), 4-octylphenol (OP) and 4-propylphenol (PP) by using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in estrogen sensitive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female immature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. This study was designed to investigate whether phenolic compounds have estrogenic effects in these useful screening methods for endocrine disruptors. We chose 6 h as the incubation period for the G6PD assay through a preliminary experiment using 17beta-estradiol (E2). Above the concentration of 1 x 10(-8) M, BPA significantly increased the G6PD activity in a concentration-dependent manner, relative to the control. NP (over the concentration of 1 x 10(-9) M) also enhanced the G6PD activity by about 1.8 times that of the control. OP produced weaker effects on G6PD than NP, and showed a tendency to increase the G6PD activity. PP did not affect the G6PD activity. These results show that BPA and NP have the effect of enhancing G6PD activities in MCF-7 cells. In the in vivo GPx assay, both BPA and E2 significantly increased the uterus wet weights and dramatically enhanced uterine GPx activities in immature female rats in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NP (500 mg/kg/day) increased significantly both the uterine GPx activity and the uterus wet weights in immature female rats. OP (500 mg/kg/day) also caused a significant increase in uterine GPx activity, but had no effect on the uterus wet weights. This finding indicates that the change in uterine GPx activities could be a more sensitive parameter than that of uterus wet weights in immature rats. This study implies that phenolic compounds have a weak estrogenic effects.     

Trace analysis of dissolved polychlorinated organic compounds in the water of the Yangtse River (Nanjing, China)

Eighteen organochlorine contaminants from the water samples of the Yangtse River have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The analysis of polychlorinated organic compounds (PCOCs) extracted by C18 Solid Phase Extract (SPE) was performed using HP6890 gas chromatograph coupled by ECD detector. The analytical results demonstrate that the analytical methods are reliable based on the fact that most of the recoveries for the targeted compounds are 60-90%. Most of the concerned contaminants, i.e. chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were found in the water samples of the Yangtse River, but their concentration was very low, <2.97 ng l(-1), which is far less than 1 microg l(-1)--the standard of drinking water of China. It is apparent that the PCOCs were in high concentration during the dry season, and in low concentration during the rainy season. The situation of PCOCs contamination in the water of the Yangtse River in 1999 was greatly improved in comparison with 10 years ago.     

用活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收法脱除氮氧化物的研究

为了提高硝酸吸收氮氧化物的效率，对活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收NOx进行了研究。结果表明：活性填料能明显提高NOx的吸收效率；当NOx中NO2体积百分含量增加，其吸收效率增加；随进气浓度和液气比的增大，NOx吸收效率增加；随NO2浓度的增加，NO的吸收效率先增加后减少，在NO／NO2为3时，NO吸收效率最高；随NO的增加NO2的吸收效率先增加后减少，在NO／NO2为0．6～1之间，NO2的吸收效果较好。     

参杂负载型纳米TiO2降解橙黄G的光催化活性及其动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍-焙烧法制备了掺杂Sn（Ⅳ）的TiO2／AC光催化剂，以偶氮染料橙黄G为目标降解物，对光催化反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：利用Sn（IV）掺杂量为2．5at．％的TiO2／AC光催化剂，在进水浓度50mg／L，催化剂的用量12．5g／i，pH值2．0，H2O2 1．5mL／L。主波长为365nm的300W高压汞灯光照条件下，反应60rain，橙黄G的光催化去除率可达99．1％。该反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程，其速控步为吸附反应。共存阴离子SO4^2-和H2PO4^-，对橙黄G的光催化降解反应均有一定的抑制作用。     

一台气相色谱仪同时测定陆地生态系统CO2、CH4和N2O排放

通过对气相色谱仪进样、分析气路和阀驱动系统的改造 ,同一台色谱仪可以同时检测空气样品中的CO2 、CH4和N2 O。测试结果表明 ,仪器的灵敏度、分辨率和精密度均很高 ,线性范围符合要求 ;仪器系统能够在野外实验室长期稳定运转 ,可方便用于测定陆地生态系统CO2 、CH4和N2 O排放 ,能快速、准确、可靠地获取观测数据。