Health risk of aerosols and toxic metals from incense and joss paper burning

We report for the first time the distribution and hazard potential of aerosol and metals resulting from joss paper burning. Burning joss paper and incense is a traditional custom in many Oriental countries. Large amounts of air pollutants, including particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toxic metals and other gaseous pollutants, are released into the environment during the burning stage. Many investigations have reported on the emission of pollutants from the incense burning. However, no work has been reported until now on the analysis of the released pollutants apart from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, a micro-orifice uniform-deposit impactor and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were, respectively, used to collect aerosols and characterize the toxic metals from joss paper burning. We studied two types of particulate matter (PM): PM_2.5 that are particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm and PM₁₀ that are particles with a diameter smaller than 10 μm. PM_2.5 are the most potentially toxic particles. Our results showed that PM_2.5 are the major component of the pollutants and that the PM_2.5 to PM₁₀ ratio ranged from 62 to 99%. The metals Na, Ca, Mg, Al and K were the main species in the aerosol and in the bottom ash.     

Study on optimal energy efficiency of a sludge drying-incineration combined system

Thermal drying is a frequently used technology to further remove the water in dewatered sludge. However, it is an expensive solution due to its highly energy consumption. The combination of sludge drying and incineration system, in which, the energy generated from sludge incineration is reused to sludge drying, can largely save the energy consumption of sludge treatment facilities. A bench-scale paddle sludge dryer was built to study the drying characteristics of sludge. Results show that, a significant fluctuation of sludge drying rate and stirring power emerges at the moisture content of 55–65 %. An energy model was established based on a sludge drying and incineration project. The most reasonable dryness of sludge outlet from sludge dryer and input to sludge incinerator was analyzed, in the purpose of achieving optimal energy efficiency. The mono-incineration of dry sludge can be achieved at 850 °C combustion temperature, when sludge lower heating value (LHV) is about 11213 kJ/kg and moisture content is about 60 % w/w. The effect of operation conditions, including sludge moisture content, LHV, and operation load were analyzed based on the energy model. This energy model could be applied for the improvement of energy efficiency of sludge drying and incineration combined system.     

煤层群首采关键层卸压瓦斯综合治理技术

首采煤层群关键层是消除邻近煤层突出危险性行之有效的方法.以淮南新庄孜煤矿66210工作面为例,在综合分析采空区上覆岩层竖向3带以及瓦斯运移基本条件的基础上,将上被保护层所产生的卸压瓦斯运移路径简化为:被保护层→上覆岩层竖向裂隙→采空区→回风巷.为了保障首采保护层工作面的安全回采,提出并实施了卸压瓦斯综合治理技术,对被保护层卸压瓦斯、首采层顶板裂隙发育区富集瓦斯、采空区瓦斯进行强化拦截抽采.采用沿空留巷Y型通风方式消除上隅角瓦斯积聚,降低风排瓦斯量,工作面回风瓦斯体积分数在0.6%以下,实现了高瓦斯煤层群首采工作面的安全高效生产.     

镍质量比对纳米Fe/Ni还原水中2,4-二氯酚的影响

采用置换沉积法制备Fe/Ni双金属以还原降解2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP),测定了置换液中Ni2+与纳米铁质量比(MNi2+/MFe)不同时所制备的Fe/Ni双金属中的镍含量,考察了镍质量比对Fe/Ni还原2,4-DCP效率的影响,结果表明,随着MNi2+/MFe增大,Fe/Ni双金属中的镍含量增加,并且对2,4-DCP的还原效率也相应提高。当MNi2+/MFe增至40%时,对2,4-DCP的去除率最高,接近100%,且82.0%的2,4-DCP被完全脱氯还原为苯酚,SEM结果也表明该比例制备的Fe/Ni较分散、粒径较小。Fe/Ni与2,4-DCP反应后,Fe0被氧化为铁氧化物Fe3O4、Fe2O3或Fe O(OH)。     

低强度超声波强化低温SMBR脱氮的性能与机制研究

考察了低温条件下低强度超声波对SMBR脱氮的强化作用,并研究了对硝化细菌脱氢酶活性和细胞通透性的影响。结果表明,经超声波强化后,SMBR对NH3-N5的去除效果得到明显提高,总去除率由启动完成时的65.94%升至84.01%,且长期运行稳定,说明超声波解除了低温对硝化作用的抑制。0.28 W/L超声波辐照20 min,可使硝化细菌脱氢酶活性提高81.19%,0.14 W/L的超声波辐照10 min使脱氢酶活性提高43.18%。0.28 W/L的超声功率密度对脱氢酶的活性提高程度最大,因此是较合适的超声波参数。     

功能化多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离研究进展

功能化多孔材料拥有优越的CO_2吸附和存储性能,在燃煤电厂、玻璃炉窑、水泥厂、钢铁厂等高耗能工矿企业采用CO_2吸附技术,对CO_2减排、减缓温室效应具有重要意义。随着研究的不断深入,新型CO_2吸附材料呈现出廉价、易获取、高吸附率等趋势,当前研究重点集中在介孔硅、金属有机框架、沸石、活性炭、聚合物等的表面功能化。总结了上述典型吸附剂功能化的最新成果,重点介绍多孔吸附材料的功能化方法、吸附机理与吸附动力学的研究进展,并提出多孔材料对CO_2的吸附分离的研究空间和发展趋势。     

地震监测环境保护的对策探索和实践——以蚌埠地震台为例

文章从蚌埠的地质状况、台站历史资料出发,以相关法律法规为依据,以蚌埠地震台近年来所开展的监测环境保护工作实例为背景,阐述做好地震监测环境保护工作的关键,并针对在地震监测环境保护工作中遇到的问题,进行总结,提出建议。     

Atmospheric emission characterization of a novel sludge drying and co-combustion system

A novel system combining sludge drying and co-combustion with coal was applied in disposing sludge and its atmospheric emission characteristics were tested. The system was composed of a hollow blade paddle dryer, a thermal drying exhaust gas control system, a 75 tons/hr circulating fluidized bed and a flue gas cleaning system. The emissions of NH3, SO2, CH4 and some other pollutants released from thermal drying, and pollutants such as NOx, SO2 etc. discharged by the incinerator, were all tested. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） in the flue gas from the incinerator were investigated as well. The results indicated that the concentrations of NOx and SO2 in the flue gas from the incinerator were 145 and 16 mg/m^3, respectively, and the I-TEQ concentration of 2,3,7,8-substitued PCDD/Fs was 0.023 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3. All these values were greatly lower than the emission standards of China. In addition, there was no obvious odor in the air around the sludge dryer. The results demonstrated that this drying and co-combustion system is efficient in controlling pollutants and is a feasible way for large-scale treatment of industrial sludge and sewage sludge.     

地质公园规划体系研究

目前从数量上我国已经是一个地质公园大国,但地质公园规划工作一直是地质公园建设的薄弱环节,地质公园规划的理论研究还处于起步阶段。本文在对地质公园规划概念进行厘定的基础上,对地质公园规划的组成要素、内容、特点、类型的划分及其与风景名胜区规划的差别进行了详细探讨,并指出地质公园应以独特的地质地貌与地质遗迹资源为主体,充分利用各种自然与人文旅游资源,在保护地质遗迹资源的前提下合理规划布局,适度开发建设。     

三种氧化剂预处理有机物、氨氮和锰复合原水的比较研究

针对中国水源水污染严重,多呈复合污染的问题,因此,对常用的氧化剂氧化复合污染的原水进行了研究。主要包括三种水处理药剂臭氧、高锰酸钾和氯对有机物、氨氮和锰的处理效能及抗污染负荷的研究,并进一步从安全性进行了比较。研究结果表明,高锰酸钾可以部分去除水中消毒副产物前驱物,适合复合污染水体;若利用臭氧预氧化,更适用尤以有机物污染严重的水质;预氯化将导致水中消毒副产物生成量增加。