淮河流域湿地变化的特征、热点及其影响因素

利用Landsat遥感数据定量研究了淮河流域1995—2007年间各湿地类型的规模变化,分析了其变化特征,辨识了湿地消长的热点区域,并研究湿地变化热点空间分异的影响因子。结果表明,研究期间流域内水田、库塘等人工湿地大幅增加(净增量分别占1995年湿地总面积的16.81%、4.57%);湖泊、沼泽等自然湿地则明显减少(净减少量分别占1995年湿地总面积的1.06%、2.79%),且多转为人工湿地。湿地变化热点多分布于流域东部及南部;人工湿地变化热点分布连续而集中,自然湿地变化热点则稀少而分散。高程和气温对人工湿地增长热点及自然湿地减少热点的发生影响强度相对较高;社会经济与可达性因素对热点的发生具有显著作用,但其影响强度相对较弱。整个淮河流域,湿地变化热点的发生受多种要素的耦合作用,但湿地变化热点空间分异的首要因素是流域自然地理等背景条件的约束作用。     

Pollution characteristics of lead,zinc, arsenic,and cadmium in short-term storm water roof runoff in a suburban area

Pollution of hazardous elements in roof runoff has been a potential danger to aquatic ecosystem as documented in previous studies. In this study, concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in roof runoff were measured for short-term rainfall events. The concentrations of the selected elements varied to a high degree during the rainfall period, and the well-known first-flush phenomenon was not observed due to the short-term rainfall patterns. Based on event mean concentrations (EMCs) and fluxes, the elemental pollution may be ranked as Zn >> Pb > As > Cd. The average levels of Pb and Zn exceeded the fourth class value and fifth class value of the environmental quality standards for surface water in China. The relative high pollution could be caused by atmospheric deposition and the erosion of crust steel appurtenance installed above the rooftop. Furthermore, elements in particulate form dominated the roof runoff pollution, and the ratios of elements in particulate form to total amounts were 0.6 (As), 0.9 (Pb), 0.7 (Cd), and 0.5 (Zn). This study cleared the pollution characteristics of hazardous elements in short-term storm water roof runoff; it was useful for the selection of best management practices.     

β-肾上腺受体阻滞剂的水生态毒理学研究进展

β-肾上腺受体阻滞剂是一类治疗心血管疾病的药物,其药理作用是和β-肾上腺受体结合但不使其活化。由于此类化合物在环境水体中的高检出率以及自身所具有的生物活性,近年来有关其对非靶生物的生态毒性效应日益受到关注。在概括了β-受体阻滞剂的使用现状及其在水体环境中的归趋后,重点介绍了此类化合物对鱼类以及其他水生生物的毒性效应。最后,针对目前的研究现状对今后的工作做出展望。     

Long-term observation of air pollution-weather/climate interactions at the SORPES station: a review and outlook

This work presents an overall introduction to the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System–SORPES in Nanjing, East China, and gives an overview about main scientific findings in studies of air pollution-weather/climate interactions obtained since 2011. The main results summarized in this paper include overall characteristics of trace gases and aerosols, chemical transformation mechanisms for secondary pollutants like O₃, HONO and secondary inorganic aerosols, and the air pollution–weather/climate interactions and feedbacks in mixed air pollution plumes from sources like fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and dust storms. The future outlook of the development plan on instrumentation, networking and data-sharing for the SORPES station is also discussed.

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新型饮用水除氟材料Bio-F除氟机制研究

采用了SEM、BET、FT-IR、XRD等现代分析测试方法,研究了Bio-F的表面微观结构及吸附氟离子机制.结果表明,Bio-F吸附氟离子后比表面积由12.411m2·g-1减少为10.692m2·g-1,平均孔容减少了0.004 cm3·g-1,最可几孔径分布在1.88nm左右.Bio-F吸附氟离子的过程包括离子交换和吸附作用,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附,离子交换时材料与氟离子结合可能形成Ca10(PO4)5CO3(OH)F.     

Research Progress on Visible Light Response and Easy Recoverable TiO2 Photocatalyst

介绍了TiO2光催化技术在废水处理应用研究中取得的快速发展.针对TiO2在废水处理过程中出现的光生电子空穴易复合和难回收等问题,综述了通过对TiO2进行掺杂负载改性和形态的改性使其达到可见光响应功能的研究进展;综述了通过固载磁载等方法使TiO2达到可分离易回收功能的研究进展.对TiO2光催化技术在废水处理领域的未来研究方向进行了展望.     

基于层次分析和模糊综合评价的电网系统应急能力评估

为应对电网的各类突发事件,提高电网系统的应急能力,对电网系统的应急能力进行定量评估,提出完善的电网应急能力评估体系框架,采用层次分析法对电网企业A的应急能力指标权重进行确定,并运用模糊综合评价法对其电网应急能力进行评估。结果表明:基于评估结果建议电网企业A应急能力各环节的优化顺序为应急预防、应急响应、应急恢复、应急准备,且重点优化电网可靠性和调度及二次系统。运用该方法可较为准确地对电网系统的应急能力进行定量评估,为电网系统应急管理能力的提高提供科学依据。     

基于MMEM的农村社区小微企业事故隐患研究

为了科学有效地提升小微企业事故隐患(AP)排查治理效果,以河北省28个农村社区为例,结合MMEM理论分析和实地调查,揭示了农村社区小微企业存在的事故隐患及其分布特征,进而建立了小微企业事故隐患分类方法。研究结果表明,在农村社区小微企业中存在未进行安全培训、未设置机器设备防护罩、未及时更新设备以及未配备消防设备四类典型的事故隐患,所建立的小微企业事故隐患分类框架是促进农村社区事故风险管控的基础。     

Enhanced adsorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants by high surface area porous graphene

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The relatively low surface area and micropore volume of graphene nanosheets (GNS) limit their potential application as effective adsorbents for...     

DGT和CaCl2提取下冶炼场地及周边土壤Cd固液分配特征

通过梯度扩散薄膜(DGT)和CaCl₂等提取方法,研究了典型冶炼场地及周边多种类型土壤中Cd有效态含量和固液分配特征,并构建回归预测模型.结果表明:场地渣土混合土壤、林地表层和深层土壤中Cd有效态含量较高,DGT提取结果分别为23.2,1.90和2.53μg/kg,农田深层土壤、杂填土和素填土较低,分别为0.03, 0.05和0.03μg/kg.土壤Cd固液分配系数(Kd)在杂填土、素填土、渣土混合土壤中最高,黏土、农田土壤次之,全风化土和林地土壤最低.总体上DGT测定的Kd值高于Ca Cl₂测定结果,CaCl₂土液比、提取液pH值显著影响Kd值结果(P<0.05). CaCl₂提取结果能够通过线性回归有效预测DGT测定的K_d (R²=0.89～0.93).