管窥新闻联播2008年冰冻灾害报道

2008年我国南方出现了严重的冰冻灾害,《新闻联播》对其进行了大量报道。研究这些报道,发现存在如下三个方面问题：灾害事件的突发性和新闻报道的滞后性;灾害事件的破坏性和新闻报道的趋利性;灾害事件的客观性和新闻报道的主观倾向性。究其原因,《新闻联播》缺乏深入调查的工作作风,新闻敏感和新闻价值的判定失去了独立的地位。所以,新闻报道只有平衡“党群关系”,改变“机关作风”,向草根媒体汲取营养才能促进主流媒体的发展。     

大九湖泥炭藓湿地对磷、铜污染物净化作用的模拟研究

在大九湖泥炭藓沼泽湿地采用野外实地模拟方法,就泥炭藓湿地对铜、磷两种污染物的净化能力进行了研究。结果表明,磷污染物浓度分别为10,100,1 000 mg/L时,两小时后泥炭藓湿地对该污染物的净化率分别为939%,695%,663%;同样的浓度梯度下,对铜污染物的净化率分别为1000%,976%,880%。泥炭藓湿地对污染物具有很强的净化能力,其泥炭层部分在湿地净化污染物中起到重要作用。利用拟一级动力学模型、修改上限的拟一级动力学模型、拟二级动力学模型、Elovich模型、双常数速率模型、抛物线扩散模型等6个模型对泥炭藓湿地的净化进行动态研究,其中后4个模型均可模拟湿地净化的动态过程。长期预测以拟二级动力学模型为最佳。     

环境中新型阻燃剂检测技术研究进展

新型阻燃剂(NFRs)是传统阻燃剂受到严格管控后的推广替代品,主要包括新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)、新型氯代阻燃剂(NCFRs)和有机磷酸酯阻燃剂(OPFRs)等。NFRs是一类新污染物,大多属于持久性有机污染物。目前,已有多种NFRs在世界各地被检出,引起各国的普遍关注,环境中NFRs的来源及迁移转化规律也由此成为新的研究热点。通过综述环境样品中NFRs检测技术在提取、净化和仪器检测等方面的国内外研究现状,讨论了各种分析技术的特点,分析了NFRs分析过程的质量控制与质量保证问题,展望了该领域未来的发展趋势。     

福州大气污染对太阳辐射等要素的影响

福州大气污染对太阳辐射等要素的影响陈千盛（福建省气候中心，福州３５０００１）池艳珍（福建省气象局）关键词太阳总辐射；散射辐射；能见度混浊度因子．建国以来，福州由于市区范围不断扩大及工业发展，人口和车辆与日俱增，空中尘埃量随之增多，空气日益恶浊．这种状...     

若尔盖高原湿地生物多样性保护及其可持续利用

论述了川西北高寒湿地的自然概况及其形成原因,分析该区湿地的主要生物多样性价值,分布有具有世界意义的特有物种（黑颈鹤）和珍稀濒危物种,并且还分布有许多具有重要经济意义和具有科学研究价值的物种,但近几年来,人类活动的频繁干扰,如泥炭开采、过度放牧而破坏植被,再加上本区气候因素的特殊性,局部地区已引起沙化,使本区的生物多样性减少。由此而提出相应的生物多样性保护和可持续利用对策：协调人类活动与生物多样性保护的关系；严控载畜量,发展人工草场；发挥本地优势,利用泥炭治沙；建立湿地自然保护区；加强湿地立法     

白洋淀表层沉积物元素的空间特征、风险评价及来源分析

对白洋淀流域表层沉积物中营养元素(N和P)、重金属(Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co、Ni及Sn)及粒度进行研究,分析元素的空间变化并进行污染和风险评价,在此基础上结合河流的沉积特征,利用多元统计方法分析淀内沉积物元素的来源及其变化规律.结果表明,白洋淀和河流表层沉积物重金属平均含量均高于背景值,淀内空间上呈现营养元素"西北高东南低",重金属"中部高南北低"的特征;表层沉积物中元素综合污染指数(I)大小顺序为:Cd Pb Cr Cu=Zn Ni Sn Co,其中Cd为重度污染,其它重金属为中度污染,枣林庄地区Cr为重度污染;潜在生态危害系数(Eri)大小顺序为:Cd Pb Cu Cr Ni Zn,其中Cd除采蒲台地区具有强潜在生态风险,其他元素具有轻度潜在生态风险.淀内沉积物质地差异较小,流域河流入淀后的面源污染是影响白洋淀表层沉积物元素空间变化的主要原因,但淀内村庄的点源污染也不容忽视,尤其是元素N、P、Pb及Cr.     

Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

The aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in Korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in Korea and other countries. Concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. The mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) and area (m2) from pig buildings were 250.2 and 37.8mg/h/pig and 336.3 and 50.9mg/h/m2, respectively. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and emissions were higher in the pig buildings managed with deep-pit manure systems with slats and mechanical ventilation than in other housing types.     

澳大利亚和新西兰自然生态和城市环境保护研究与借鉴

为学习和借鉴国外发达国家先进的生态和环境保护经验,研究了澳大利亚和新西兰自然生态和城市环境保护工作,分析了两国在自然生态保护、农业可持续发展、城市基础设施建设方面的特点,总结了两国在城市内河治理、挥发性气体回收、公众环保参与形式及固体废物回收利用等方面的经验,提出了中国生态与环境保护工作的建议。     

Non-thermal plasma treatment of Radix aconiti wastewater generated by traditional Chinese medicine processing

The wastewater effluent from Radix aconiti processing, an important step in the production processes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a type of toxic wastewater and difficult to treat. Plasma oxidation methods have emerged as feasible techniques for effective decomposition of toxic organic pollutants. This study examined the performance of a plasma reactor operated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to degrade the effluent from R. aconiti processing. The effects of treatment time, discharge voltage, initial pH value and the feeding gas for the reactor on the degradation of this TCM wastewater were investigated. A bacterium bioluminescence assay was adopted in this study to test the toxicity of the TCM wastewater after non-thermal plasma treatment. The degradation ratio of the main toxic component was 87.77% after 60 min treatment with oxygen used as feed gas and it was 99.59% when the initial pH value was 8.0. High discharge voltage and alkaline solution environment were beneficial for improving the degradation ratio. The treatment process was found to be capable of reducing the toxicity of the wastewater to a low level or even render it non-toxic. These experimental results suggested that the DBD plasma method may be a competitive technology for primary decomposition of biologically undegradable toxic organic pollutants in TCM wastewater.