Person–organization and person–supervisor fits: Employee commitments in a Chinese context

The present study simultaneously examined people's perceptions of person–organization (PO) and person–supervisor (PS) fit and related these perceptions to employees' commitments. Three‐hundred‐and‐sixty employee–supervisor dyads from Taiwanese organizations reported about their PO fit and PS fit perceptions. In addition, supervisors reported about their perceptions of fit and guanxi with each of their employees. Results indicated that PO and PS fit perceptions both had an independent and additive relationship with organizational commitment. The link between employee PS fit perceptions and organizational commitment was mediated by commitment to the supervisor. Both employee and supervisor fit perceptions contributed to commitment to the supervisor through their influence on the quality of the leader‐member exchange (LMX). Guanxi could not explain additional variance in LMX and supervisor commitment. Implications for theory and practices regarding person–environment fit, commitment, and LMX are discussed. The study findings offered suggestions for a new Theory of Multiple Fits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The protective effect of green space on heat-related respiratory hospitalization among children under 5 years of age in Hanoi,Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Combined effects of global warming and rapid urbanization replace green spaces with urban facilities. Children in urban areas are at a higher risk of...     

砂土基MICP土工材料剪切强度试验及可靠性分析

选用巴氏芽孢杆菌,以不同粒径砂土为岩土基质,应用微生物诱导矿化技术生成MICP土工材料试样,自然养护7 d后,应用直剪仪进行了抗剪强度测试试验。结果表明,MICP细砂土内摩擦角范围最大,MICP粗粒砂土内摩擦角范围最小,这与微生物诱导生成的矿化物填充空隙的过程中形成胶结作用有重要的关系,粗粒砂土空隙大,MICP材料强度的增长主要依靠诱导生成的碳酸钙咬合力;中粗砂粒土表面粗糙度的提高有效增强了矿化土工材料的强度;细砂土主要是填充空隙,材料更加密实,导致抗剪强度最大。再运用多项式混沌扩展(PCE)方法建立代理模型,求得其前四阶统计矩,对内摩擦角输出响应的不确定性进行了量化。     

Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace

High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br₂) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400 °C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RT_HT) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s.Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RT_HT; temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br₂ depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br₂, whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25 s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200 °C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RT_HT exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%).According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br₂/HBr in flue gas greatly.     

三江平原白浆土不同土地利用类型Fe2+分布特征

土壤铁元素由高价态转化为低价态(二价铁),是土壤中铁元素移动的主要途径.为了探讨三江平原不同土地利用类型Fe2 分布情况及影响因素,文章通过在三江平原典型白浆土区采取水田、旱田、草地、林地4种不同土地利用类型样点,对其Fe2 含量及其影响因子进行对比研究分析.结果表明:土壤表层(0~10 cm)Fe2 含量高低顺序为水田>草地>旱田>林地,主要影响因子为水分状况和pH值(r=0.851,r=0.909,p＜0.01),其中水田Fe2 含量(305.5 mg·kg-1)明显高于林地和旱田(30~40 mg·kg-1),是其含量的8~10倍;草地除表层(0~20 cm)Fe2 含量低于水田外,以下各层含量均高于其它土地利用类型;草地、旱田、林地Fe2 含量垂直分布规律相似:表层(0~10 cm)及白浆层(30~40 cm)含量略高,40 cm以下Fe2 含量持续缓慢递减,相关分析表明旱田、草地主要影响因子为土壤pH值(r=-0.871,r=0.795,p＜0.05),林地影响因子相关性均不显著;水田垂直变化趋势与其它3种类型相比有所不同,表层最高达305.5 mg·kg-1,至40 cm深处急剧递减至35.2 mg·kg-1,以下无明显变化,主要影响因子为水分状况和TOC(r=0.962,r=0.991,p＜0.01).     

新型饮用水除氟材料Bio-F的除氟特性和比较研究

对3种传统除氟剂活性氧化铝、骨炭和改性沸石与自制的新型生物除氟剂Bio-F的除氟性能及影响因素（材料粒径、pH值、吸附时间、水样含氟浓度、其它离子、再生能力等）进行了比较,并模拟动态实验评估了这4种除氟材料对实际高氟地下水处理的效果.结果表明,Bio-F生物除氟剂对F^-的吸附过程符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学特征（R²=0.958 0）,吸附速率较快,且该过程属于吸热反应; Bio-F吸附F^-符合Langmuir吸附等温模型（R²=0.999 2）,吸附容量高,静态吸附容量可达4.088 3 mg·g^-1,分别约是活性氧化铝和改性沸石的1.8和 5.8倍.4种除氟材料吸附容量与氟浓度正相关,与吸附剂粒径负相关.高浓度的CO^2-₃、HCO^-₃明显抑制Bio-F的除氟（p<0.05）,但高浓度的Ca²⁺、NO^-₃、HPO^2-₄有利于Bio-F的除氟（p<0.001）.Bio-F除氟最佳停留时间3～4 min,远远低于沸石20 min和活性氧化铝11 min.在pH 4.0～9.0范围内Bio-F可保持90％以上吸附F^-的能力.再生性能稳定,10次再生后吸附容量变化不超过15%.Bio-F综合性能优于其它3种传统除氟剂,在我国广大农村地区推广有显著优越性.     

徐州市气象因子与空气质量和PM_（10）浓度的相关性分析

通过对徐州市空气质量及其对应的气象因子进行统计分析,得出空气质量与相对湿度、风速,降水等气象因子的关系。分析特殊气象天气出现时空气中主要污染物PM10的变化规律.得到一些初步结果,为减轻和防止污染提供参考。     

基于形态与in vitro方法的铬污染土壤生物可给性研究

铬（Cr）是电镀类场地的主要污染物.开展土壤中Cr（III）和Cr（VI）的生物可给性研究对于准确评估Cr污染场地风险,克服污染场地过度修复问题十分关键.本研究采集我国栗钙土、红壤、潮土3种典型土壤,通过添加相同浓度污染物的方式制备成Cr（III）或Cr（VI）污染土壤.随后利用5种体外方法（in vitro）,对3种土壤经口摄入的Cr生物可给性进行比较与健康风险评估.进而从土壤理化性质、Cr赋存形态、土壤矿物组成方面,对不同土壤在溶解度生物可给性研究联盟（SBRC）方法中的生物可给性差异进行分析.结果表明,基于生物可给性的Cr污染土壤健康风险评估能够显著降低风险水平,提高风险控制值,其中,SBRC方法在评估中更具有保守性.3种土壤在相同的Cr（III）和Cr（VI）污染浓度下,栗钙土相较于红壤和潮土在肠期具有更高的生物可给性和健康风险.此外,土壤黏粒、有机质含量及迁移系数能够影响土壤Cr的生物可给性,土壤矿物种类赋存不同也是造成Cr（III）和Cr（VI）在不同土壤中生物可给性差异的重要因素.     

铜铈复合氧化物上石化行业典型VOCs的氧化行为与动力学

采用共沉淀法和等体积浸渍法制备了CuCeO x复合催化剂,对材料的物化性质进行了XRD、低温N2吸脱附、H2-TPR和O2-TPD表征.以石化行业典型VOCs(苯、甲苯和正己烷)为探针污染物,研究了污染物组成与浓度、反应空速、O2浓度、H2O浓度和催化剂种类对其氧化行为的影响,并对反应动力学参数进行了模型拟合.共沉淀得到的催化剂具有均匀的活性相、好的低温可还原性能和较多的活性表面氧物种.甲苯氧化率随着污染物浓度升高而降低,高转化率下苯浓度与其氧化率无相关性,正己烷的氧化率与入口浓度呈正比.苯能够显著抑制甲苯的氧化,而甲苯加入有利于苯的氧化.正己烷对苯氧化的影响较小,但能够促进甲苯的转化,苯系物对正己烷氧化有明显的抑制作用.低空速和高氧浓度都有利于污染物的氧化,氧浓度的变化对正己烷和苯的氧化影响较小.水汽对甲苯的氧化有明显的抑制作用,而对苯和正己烷氧化有明显的促进作用.共沉淀催化剂具有更好的甲苯和苯氧化性能,而无水条件下浸渍催化剂具有更好的正己烷氧化性能.拟一级动力学模型能够很好地模拟不同条件下污染物的氧化行为.     

呼伦湖自净功能及其在区域环境保护中的作用分析

在大量详实资料和调查基础上,论述了呼伦湖富营养化状况,找出了该湖富营养化的影响因素,以及其较强自净功能的成因。呼伦湖地处内陆区高纬度、半干旱气候地区,属牧业污染型,氮入湖量主要来源于点源污染(河流的输入),磷入湖量面源(主要是降尘)大于点源。经多年观测发现,氮和磷的变化并不明显,反映出湖体有较强的自净功能,这是和湖体特殊的地理位置分不开的:①该湖系构造湖与河流沟通的吞吐湖,面积大,水较深,使得湖体自净功能显著;②地处高纬度、半干旱地区,气温低,对湖体浮游生物有一定的抑制作用;③湖体构造特殊,露出30余个泉点,有大量地下水的补给。呼伦湖是一个较大的水体与其周围湿地构成的淡水湖泊生态系统,在维持生物多样性和丰富的生物资源方面发挥巨大作用,且有明显的调蓄洪水的功能,在区域环境保护中具有特殊的地位。