造纸废水灌溉对湿地土壤重金属累积影响及趋势评价

探讨造纸废水灌溉下芦苇湿地土壤重金属累积规律,对有效利用造纸废水,防控湿地重金属污染具有重要意义.本研究以双台河口芦苇湿地土壤为研究对象,分析不同浓度造纸废水(CODCr浓度分别为:300 mg·L-1、175 mg·L-1、50 mg·L-1)灌溉下湿地土壤重金属含量的累积规律,基于重金属残留模型对土壤重金属累积量进行预测和评估.试验结果表明:1废水灌溉使土壤重金属含量显著增加,与废水浓度显著相关,芦苇生长对土壤中As、Ni、Cu含量影响较大而对Pb、Cd含量影响较小.2不同重金属在各土层垂直分布规律存在差异:As、Pb在中间层(20~40 cm)含量最高,Cd、Cu垂直分布较为均衡,Ni主要集中在土壤表层(0~20 cm),中下层(20~60 cm)含量迅速降低.3基于重金属残留模型对土壤重金属累积量进行预测和评估,以300 mg·L-1浓度废水灌溉,重金属都出现不同程度的累积,其中10 a后Cd的累积量超过我国《土壤环境质量标准》一级标准,50 a后Pb的累积量接近一级标准.以175 mg·L-1浓度废水灌溉,各重金属均出现累积,但增长幅度较300 mg·L-1低,50 a后Cd累积量未超过一级标准.以50 mg·L-1废水灌溉时,Pb、Ni、Cu出现土壤轻度积累,50 a后未超过一级标准.     

Effects of copper (I) oxide on growth and biochemical compositions of two marine microalgae

In copper based antifouling (AF) paints Cu (I) oxide was largely used as booster biocide. In this study effect of Cu (I) oxide on two marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica and Dunaliella tertiolecta was demonstrated. EC50 (96 hr) concentrations estimated for T. suecica and D. tertiolecta were 1.3 mg l(-1) and 1.34 mg l(-1), respectively. Copper (I) oxide induced changes in growth, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents were observed in T. suecica and D. tertiolecta. At low concentration of 0.0625 mg l(-1), 3-26% and 1-16% growth stimulation was observed in T. suecica and T. tertiolecta respectively. Increasing Cu (I) oxide concentrations proportionately decreased the carbohydrate and protein contents. This study clearly indicates the toxicity of excessive Cu (I) oxide on growth and biochemical compositions of T. suecica and D. tertiolecta.     

危岩块体稳定性分析的蒙特卡罗边界法

在危岩块体的稳定性的可靠度分析中,本文采用了一种新的可靠度分析方法──蒙特卡罗边界法．并将此方法应用于清红电站V#号危岩块体的计算和稳定性评价,其结果与实际监测成果基本吻合．     

一种改善工作环境利于人身健康的自动监控系统

有些特定的工作环境，在不能够确定空气状态参数的情况下，不允许对其进行通风处理。本文介绍了一种可以在线检测空气状态，并根据判定标志，自动开启换气设备的智能仪器。它对于工作环境的改善，人身健康的保护，仪器使用及物品存放的安全都具有较高的实用和推广价值。     

Evaluating the Efficiency of Coagulation in the Removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon from Reservoir Water using Fluorescence and Ultraviolet Photometry

The present study used ultraviolet absorption (UVa) and the florescence intensity (FI) to evaluate the coagulation efficiency for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the raw water from Min-Ter, Li-Yu-Ten and Yun-Ho-Shen reservoirs in Taiwan. The results indicated that the ratio of DOC removal rate and FI removal rate was maintained at about 1 at various coagulant dosages. However, the ratio of DOC removal rate and UVa removal rate decreased as the coagulant dosage increased. In addition, after coagulation, the use of florescence intensity instead of total organic carbon (TOC) is better than UVa for measuring the DOC removal rate of the raw waters gathered in different months from the three reservoirs. Furthermore, a good linear relationship between florescence intensity and DOC removal rate was observed, and the DOC/FI ratio of raw water from each reservoir can be used to predict the DOC residual concentration after enhanced coagulation. This result shows that fluorescence analysis can be used for on-line and continuous monitoring the effectiveness of organic matter removal in water treatment.     

铜山县宏发造纸厂废水治理工程经济效益分析

经济效益分析是污染治理工程很重要的一个环节，污染治理工程成功与否关健在经济上是否有效益。本文对铜山县宏发造纸厂的污水治理工程的经济效益进行分析，得知该厂投资治理污染的成本一年内可收回。企业废水治理后达标排放，减少了对周边环境的污染，井取得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN THREE‐DIMENSIONAL SATURATED POROUS MEDIA HAVING SELF‐SIMILAR HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY DISTRIBUTION1

ABSTRACT: Customarily, it has been assumed that hydraulic conductivity is a stationary, homogeneous stochastic process with a finite variance for stochastic analysis of solute transport in the subsurface. That the distribution of hydraulic conductivity may have a fractal behavior with long range correlations was suggested from field data analyses. This motivates us to further investigate how the fractal behavior of permeability distribution impacts solute transport in porous media. This study provides longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients and the variance of the solute concentration. Longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients are found to depend strongly on the fractal dimension (D) of logarithmic hydraulic conductivity (logK). The longitudinal and transverse macrodispersivity coefficients are the highest when D = 1, and the values decrease monotonically to zero at D = 2. Both coefficients correspond to the characteristic length scale of the logK distribution, thus are scale dependent parameters. The ratio of the transverse to the longitudinal macrodispersivity coefficient is on the order of 10^‐1 to 10^‐4. Concentration variance also decreases with the fractal dimension of logK. There is no spatial spreading of solute for D = 2, and the concentration variance reaches zero for this case.     

一起煤气管道泄漏事故的剖析

通过对某公司通向居民生活区新建埋设煤气主管道发生泄漏事故的剖析，全面分析了引起泄漏事故的因素。找出了事故的原因。对预防煤气管道泄漏，确保煤气管道的安全畅通具有重要意义。对钢铁企业、市政建设等所涉及的各种埋地管道、电缆的安全运行具有参考价值。     

长江流域鄂西四河流大型底栖动物群落结构特征及水质生物学评价

鄂西水系是国家级水源保护区,也是湖北省重要的生态旅游区。为了解鄂西水生态健康状况,于2014年10月~2017年1月不同时段在宜昌国家可持续发展实验示范区卷桥河（J）、清江利川段（Q）、宜昌市水源地黄柏河（H）和丹江口入库河流天河郧西段（T）开展了底栖动物群落特征研究。研究表明：4个河段共采集到大型底栖动物5门8纲18目61科。基于底栖动物指示种耐污性及其丰度占比分析,表明J、Q和T三河流污染程度沿水流方向呈加重趋势,而H水体健康状况整体较好。运用FBI和SIGNAL底栖生物评价指数,显示四条河流健康程度沿水流方向均呈下降趋势,但H变化趋势平缓,结果表明H水体上下游均处于较健康状态,其他3条河流上游或源头水体健康状况良好,下游受到较重污染。对主要环境因子（TP、NH₃-N、COD_Mn和TN）做主成分分析表明,轴1的解释率达到65.1%,表明轴1可以有效表征主要环境压力梯度。FBI和SIGNAL指数与轴1线性拟合度均较高,表明二者在鄂西河流水生态健康评估中可作为快速生物评价指数。