红树林湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属分布特征——以珠江口淇澳岛为例

红树林湿地沉积物的独特理化性质使其能够大量富集河口重金属,为了研究珠江口湿地沉积物中AVS-SEM与重金属的分布特征及影响因素,采用重铬酸钾氧化-还原容量法、并联氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析法、等离子体发射光谱法及X射线荧光光谱法等分析了淇澳岛红树林不同生境下沉积物柱状样的基本理化性质、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、同步浸提...     

Enhancing employees' duty orientation and moral potency: Dual mechanisms linking ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behaviors

Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), we develop and test a model that links ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behavior (i.e., ethical voice and ethical taking charge) via two distinct mechanisms (i.e., duty orientation and moral potency). Results from multi-wave field studies conducted in the United States, Turkey, France, Vietnam, and India demonstrate that an ethical psychological climate indirectly influences employees' ethical voice and ethical taking charge behaviors through the dual mechanisms of duty orientation and moral potency. Additionally, we find that individuals' moral attentiveness strengthened these mediating processes. Together, these findings suggest that ethical psychological climate is an important antecedent of ethically focused proactive behavior by stimulating individuals' sense of duty and enhancing their moral potency, particularly when employees are already highly attuned to moral issues.     

A survey of parabens in aquatic environments in Hanoi,Vietnam and its implications for human exposure and ecological risk

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Seven parabens including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), iso-propylparaben (iPrP), butylparaben (BuP), benzylparaben...     

中国固体废物监测技术问题分析及对策

从样品采集和制备、样品前处理、分析测试方法方面对固体废物监测现状进行分析,对现有分析方法标准进行梳理和总结。提出了中国固体废物监测方面存在控制标准和监测分析方法衔接不完善、部分浸出方法应用目的不明确、分析方法可比性不强或缺乏操作性、质量控制手段单一及监测技术水平不高等问题。针对存在的问题,提出梳理现有方法标准、加快标准制修订、加大对现有问题的研究力度、加强培训、提升固体废物监测能力等对策,以期推动中国固体废物监测能力的提升。     

基于凸形壁面的虚拟冲击式呼吸性粉尘采样器研究*

为研究满足BMRC曲线的呼吸尘采样器,提高呼吸尘采样的准确性,基于虚拟冲击原理,针对隔离主流和弱流通道壁面的形状,提出1种基于虚拟冲击原理的呼吸尘采样器的改进结构,并对不同模型进行模拟仿真实验,利用Ansys Fluent气-固2相流模拟采样器中的流场,对呼吸性粉尘颗粒在流场内的运动轨迹进行跟踪,对仿真得到的呼吸尘分离效能与BMRC曲线的标准进行对比。结果表明:相比采样器原型和主弱流壁面形状为“凹型”,虚拟冲击式呼吸尘采样器主弱流壁面形状为“凸型”时对呼吸尘采样的效果更好,同时分离效能与BMRC曲线的标准差为δ=2.65%,满足偏差小于等于5%的要求。研究结果可为呼吸尘采样器的优化设计提供参考。     

象草与苦楝/构树间作修复矿区重金属污染土壤潜力

为探讨象草与木本植物苦楝/构树间作修复矿区重金属污染土壤潜力,开展室内盆栽试验,分析间作对植物生物量和重金属吸收累积、土壤溶液重金属含量动态变化影响及根际微生物群落组成响应特征.结果表明,和单作相比,象草和苦楝(KX)间作两者地上部生物量分别增加26.5%和13.2%,象草和构树(GX)间作下构树地上部生物量增加13.5%,象草生物量无明显变化.和象草间作后苦楝地上部Cd含量显著提高24.9%,两者地上部Cd和Pb累积量明显提高(P<0.05);间作构树显著增加象草地上部Cd和Pb含量及累积量,但构树地上部Cd和Pb含量明显降低.总体而言,间作处理显著提高单盆植物地上部Cd和Pb共同累积总量,且KX间作下单盆地上部Cd和Pb共同累积总量(1 065μg·pot^-1)最高.整个修复期间,KX和GX间作下土壤溶液pH和溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量均高于未修复土壤(CK).修复结束(第150 d)时,KX和GX间作下土壤溶液DOC含量分别较CK显著增加40.5%和33.1%(P<0.05),与CK、象草和构树单作相比,KX间作下土壤溶液Cd含量分别显著降低56...     

Bio-F生物吸附剂对水中铁锰的去除与特性

以Bio-F（Bio-F生物吸附剂）为材料,研究其对水中Fe2+和Mn2+的去除能力与特性. 结果表明,Bio-F可同时去除水中Fe2+和Mn2+且吸附过程符合Lagergren一级动力学模型. Langmuir吸附等温线能较好地描述Bio-F吸附Fe2+和Mn2+的过程,表现为单分子层化学优惠吸附,其对Fe2+和Mn2+的最大饱和吸附量分别达491和380 mgg. Bio-F对Fe2+和Mn2+的吸附为吸热反应且在pH 6~7范围内可保持86％以上吸附能力(P>005). 较高的c(Ca2+)和c(Mg2+)可明显抑制Bio-F去除Fe2+和Mn2+的能力（P<005),但高c(PO₄3-)则可促进该吸附过程（P>005). Bio-F经10次再生后对Fe2+和Mn2+的去除率分别达9727%和9467%. Bio-F无毒安全,采用Bio-F处理高铁锰饮用水具有应用潜力.      

Enhanced performances in catalytic oxidation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-xylene over hierarchical macro-/mesoporous silica-supported palladium catalysts

A series of hierarchical macro-/mesoporous silica supports (MMSs) were successfully synthesized using dual-templating technique employing polystyrene (PS) spheres and the Pluronic P123 surfactant. Pd was next loaded on the hierarchical silica supports via colloids precipitation method. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by various techniques and all catalysts were tested for the total oxidation of o-xylene. Among them, the Pd/MMS-b catalyst with tetraethoxysilane/polystyrene weight ratio of 1.0 exhibited superior catalytic activity, and under a higher gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 70000 h^–1, the 90% conversion of o-xylene has been obtained at around 200°C. The BET and SEM results indicated that Pd/MMSb catalyst possesses high surface area and large pore volume, and well-ordered, interconnected macropores and 2D hexagonally mesopores hybrid network. This novel ordered hierarchical porous structure was highly beneficial to the dispersion of active sites Pd nanoparticles with less aggregation, and facilitates diffusion of reactants and products. Furthermore, the Pd/MMS-b catalyst possessed good stability and durability.     

Analyses of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and mutagenicity in raw and chlorinated water

Both raw water and chlorinated drinking water samples were collected from and the Liu‐Du water treatment plant in northern Taiwan from October 1990 to April 1992. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mutagenicity in these water samples were analyzed by GC/MS and Ames test. The Mutagenicity/DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) ratio in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with or without S9 mixture increased, even higher than 2, following the sequence of unit process. It was observed that the mutagenicity with TA98 (S9+) was highly related to most of PAHs in the raw water; while the mutagenicity with TA98 (S9+) was only correlated with DbA and BghiPr in the treated water. It could be expected that the mutagenicity level was controlled by other predominant components after the raw water was treated, for example, the chlorination process.     

Determination of chemical characterizations of activated carbons from various raw materials

The objectives of this research were to identify the surface chemical features of activated carbons made of peat, bituminous coal and coconut shell, as well as examine the specific relationship of these properties by using statistical analyses. The results showed that the peat carbons contained much more amounts of Ca, S, P and Mg; however, the bituminous carbons possessed higher contents of Si, Al and Fe. In addition, the content ratios of Al to Si exhibited the Al enrichment phenomenon occurred after the heat treatment. A nonlinear correlation between the pH value and the difference in the amounts of basic and acidic groups was developed. Unfortunately, there were no specific mass ratios found among the acidic functional groups. The results of correspondence analysis (CA) gave a promising confirmation about the EDXRF analysis; moreover, the results of factor analysis (FA) fairly agreed with the findings suggested by CA. Both could explain the specific chemical features of activated carbons made from different materials, especially the CA could differentiate each other in detail.