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411.
雷州半岛地区磷肥高效利用技术及其应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在研究雷州半岛土壤特殊的强固磷机理基础上,以改性的工农业废弃物作为活化剂,活化磷矿粉制得高效磷肥,不仅利用了废弃物资源,变废为宝,而且节省了硫酸资源,降低了肥料成本。在雷州半岛不同地区,以西瓜、甘蔗、辣椒、水稻为供试作物,以过磷酸钙为对照,在等质量(低成本)条件下进行了大量的田间试验,结果表明,除水稻产量持平外,其他作物均表现出明显的增产效果,增产幅度在3%-22%之间,且产品品质改善。因此,高效磷肥在雷州半岛地区有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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To discern species-specific patterns in omnivory indices in copepods from the North Water Polynya, lipid classes and fatty acids were determined in Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer copepodite stage 5 (CV), C. glacialis Jaschnov (CV) and Metridia longa Lubbock (females) sampled below the mixed layer during autumn 1999. Generally, M. longa contained higher proportions of triacylglycerols, polar lipids and 18:1(n-9) than the other species. M. longa also had lower relative amounts of wax esters (WE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 20:1(n-9), 22:1(n-11), and lower absolute (g lipid copepod-1) and relative (% lipid) lipid levels. Unsaturation coefficients (UC; ratio of polyunsaturated to total WE) were usually lowest in M. longa. These differences probably relate to a lesser dependence on phytoplankton in M. longa, and hence more ingestion of PUFA-poor prey. Moreover, levels of the carnivory index 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) were highest in M. longa. Our data support the widespread contention that M. longa is more omnivorous than C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis. Proportions of bacterial fatty acids [odd-numbered and/or branched (OBFA); 18:1(n-7)] and PUFA/SFA (SFA: saturated fatty acids) ratios were largely unrelated to feeding strategy. Relationships between relative and absolute amounts of 16:1(n-7) and 18:1(n-7) in copepods suggest that the latter fatty acid is formed in vivo by chain elongation of the former. However, elevated levels of 18:1(n-7) and OBFA in M. longa at stations dominated by the microbial loop imply that these indices can be used to track ingestion of PUFA-poor protozoans when diatoms are scarce.Communicated by J.P. Grassle, New Brunswick 相似文献
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In this paper, we evaluate the influence of the burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulatus on the feeding behavior, body condition, burrowing activity, and fecal production of the deposit-feeding polychaete Laeonereis acuta. Previous results and ours show that, due to crab activity, sediment organic matter decreases with depth outside a crab bed, but there were no differences inside. Also, particle sizes were smaller inside the crab bed. Polychaetes showed better body condition inside the crab bed, suggesting higher energy gain. They fed on the surface more frequently outside the crab bed than inside. However, feeding rate was higher inside the crab bed, which is consistent with the larger weight and volume of fecal pellets found inside crab bed. In both areas, the bedload sediment transport was not similar to the sediment ingested by this polychaete. A 1-month exclusion/inclusion experiment performed outside and inside the crab bed showed that the body condition of polychaetes changed between areas but that this was not directly due to crab manipulation. Thus, our results suggest that the higher sediment quality inside a crab bed can positively affect the feeding behavior of the deposit-feeding polychaete L. acuta, increasing its feeding rate and consequently enhancing its body condition.Communicated by P.W. Sammarco, Chauvin 相似文献
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To examine current genetic-based paradigms pertaining to the structure and possible philopatry of red drum populations, we used solution-based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze the otolith chemistry of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) from eight different estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and the North Atlantic Ocean. One estuary (Tampa Bay, Fla.) was sampled in three different years. Analyses of variance for five elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca) were all significantly different between estuaries, as was a multi-element signature (MANOVA, Pillais trace F
50, 1020=19.41, P<0.0001). We also found that red drum from the Gulf could be distinguished from those taken from the Atlantic Ocean with 99.5% accuracy, likely due to differences in water chemistry between these water masses. A discriminant function developed using these elemental ratios was more than 80% accurate in assigning juvenile red drum to their natal estuary, or in the case of Tampa Bay, to the correct year of spawning. We also used laser ablation ICP-MS to examine the otolith core chemistry of adult red drum collected from spawning aggregations near Tampa Bay. Using a discriminant function analysis with a calibration data set derived from juvenile signatures, we found that 75% of the adult cores matched the juvenile signal established for Tampa Bay 1982. Although preliminary, the results presented here suggest that red drum may return to their natal estuary to spawn, which has been postulated from genetic data.Communicated by P.W. Sammarco, Chauvin 相似文献
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黑河流域土地退化分类研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黑河流域位于我国的西北内陆干旱区。人类不合理利用水资源造成的土地退化,已成为黑河流域一个非常严重的生态问题。土地荒漠化是该流域最典型和最严重的土地退化形式。对该流域土地退化的空间分布、特点、退化面积等方面还没有较为详细的研究,因此探讨这个问题就显得非常重要。文章通过最新的遥感影像资料(2000年),在分析已有的研究成果的基础上,结合野外调查,利用遥感和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,初步分析了黑河流域土地退化的情况。研究结果表明,黑河流域土地退化主要有5种类型,即:水土流失、干旱化、植被退化、盐渍化和沙漠化。土地退化面积达29971.91km^2,占整个流域面积的23.06%;其中,水土流失主要分布在祁连山的南部山区,面积为5747.68km^2,占整个流域土地退化面积的19.18%,主要是由于过度开垦和放牧造成的;由于人类活动的影响,造成水资源在时空上的重新分配而导致的干旱化土地主要分布在山前部分冲、洪积平原的河流沿岸附近,其面积为1369.96km^2,占整个流域土地退化面积的4.57%;盐渍化土地是该流域土地退化的主要类型之一,面积为10591.82km^2,占整个流域土地退化面积的35.34%,分布在流域的低地、冲积扇的边缘等位置,主要是由于干旱的气候条件造成的;沙化土地,包括流动沙丘(地),是研究区土地退化面积最大的类型,为10771.97km^2,占整个流域土地退化面积的35.94%,这其中也包括历史时期形成的沙漠和现代形成的大部分沙地;植被退化土地面积为1490.48km^2,只占整个流域土地退化面积的4.97%。通过分析可知,黑河流域土地退化严重,特别是在下游地区。人类不合理的经济活动,尤其是对该流域内有限水资源的不合理利用,是导致该地区土地生态系统脆弱的主要因素。 相似文献
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Joshua?T.?AckermanEmail author John?McA.?Eadie 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,54(3):264-273
Past investment in offspring may be important in determining a parent's ability to reproduce in the future and, hence, should affect the relative value of current offspring. However, there have been surprisingly few clear tests of whether animals actually adjust parental care in response to diminished opportunities for future reproduction. We modified the experimental protocol of Sargent and Gross [Behav Ecol Sociobiol (1985) 17:43–45] to examine offspring desertion by mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos), and decoupled the influence of past investment from expected current benefits by controlling for the effect of offspring age on clutch value. Using 9 years of nest mortality data, we accounted for the increasing prospects of egg survival with clutch age by calculating clutch sizes throughout incubation with equivalent expected benefits. Applying this approach, we experimentally reduced 203 clutches at two different incubation stages such that they had equivalent expected benefits but differed in the amount of past investment. Nest desertion rates did not differ between early- and late-incubated clutches that had equivalent expected benefits. Rather, the probability of desertion increased with the severity of the clutch reduction treatment. These results suggest that female mallards adjust parental care according to the expected benefits of current offspring, rather than to diminished prospects for future reproduction due to past investment. We further examined whether females assessed expected benefits on the basis of clutch size alone or clutch size adjusted for the age of the clutch. Using Akaike's Information Criterion, the most parsimonious model to explain the probability of deserting an experimentally reduced clutch included both the proportion of the clutch remaining and clutch age. Thus, female mallards appear to fine-tune their level of parental care not only according to the relative number of offspring in the clutch, but also to the increased prospects for offspring survival as they age. 相似文献