锥形件拉伸失效与拉伸模

锥形零件拉伸时,容易出现拉裂、起皱。通过对各影响因素分析,修改拉伸模,解决锥形零件的拉伸失效。     

Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

苍山4.4级地震与相公庄水准短临前兆异常

摘要本文采用逐步回归等方法处理了山东相公庄水准 EW、SN 向1989年1月1日至1990年9月30日的五日均值观测资料。回归分析结果表明:苍山4.4(M_L)级地震前相公庄水准 EW、SN 向均有10天左右的短临前兆异常,异常最大幅值分别为0.84mm和0.42mm,地震发生在异常达最大值的前一天,回归剩余标准差分别为±0.17mm和±0.12mm。据动态灰箱法处理的结果说明:短临异常在月均值上也有一定显示,只是幅度小些。作者认为:距震中50km左右的定点形变台,在一定条件下有可能监测到4级以上地震的短临前兆异常。     

下扬子地区分区走时表及计算机查表实用程序的编制

一般地震走时表是由一定间隔震中距查算各震相走时。本文所介绍的根据P与S波走时差值由计算机实时快速编制和查算区域地震走时表的方法和程序,适用于震源在壳内任意深度,可含低速层的水平均匀分层模型。此外,本文还给出了下扬子三个分区、三种深度的走时表,以供没有计算机的台站或地震现场作精细定位之用。     

弹簧夹连续模设计

介绍了以自动送料与重力送料相结合传递工件和利用工件形状尺寸巧妙定位的连续模设计方法。     

An interactive simulation model of urban ecosystem and its implementation

An interactive simulation model is established based on the methodology of "sensitivity model" (SM) during the cooperative research process between the founders of SM and the authors. And the conceptual framework of SM is developed into the interactively qualitative and quantitative simulation model presented in this paper, which makes it possible to break down a complex urban ecosystem into simple and visual quantitative or qualitative relationships between the factors. By studying the dynamic responses of the system to the changes of the inputs and parameters of the model, future trends in urban development can be predicted and strategies formulated. The whole process is realized on micro-computer in the course of man-computer interaction. Its potential use is shown in a case of Tianjin City.     

农业开发与农业生态环境的保护和建设

本文分析了农业开发中存在的四个主要环境生态问题,及其对农业生产的严重制约,提出了当前农业综合开发过程中生态环境治理、保护和建设的6项基本对策。     

安全分析和评价方法论

本文对系统安全分析和评价方法进行了讨论。对它们的特点作了介绍和比较。同时给出了选用方法的要点.     

The expected impact of the “Peace Conduit” project (the Red Sea - Dead Sea pipeline) on the Dead Sea

The Dead Sea is a severely disturbed ecosystem, greatly damaged by anthropogenic intervention in its water balance. During the 20th century, the Dead Sea level dropped by more than 25 meters, and presently (2003) it is at about 416 meters below mean sea level. This negative water balance is mainly due to the diversion of water from the catchment area of the lake by Israel, Jordan and Syria. During the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development Israel and Jordan jointly announced their interest in saving the Dead Sea by constructing the “Peace Conduit” that will pipe water from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The inflow of seawater (or reject brine after desalinization) into the Dead Sea will have a major impact on its limnology, geochemistry and biology. During the filling stage, relatively diluted surface water will form and the rate of evaporation will therefore increase. Dilution of the surface water will most likely result in microbial blooming whose duration is not known, while the lower water layer is likely to develop reducing conditions, including bacterial sulfate reduction and presence of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Mixing between the calcium-rich Dead Sea brine and the sulfate-rich seawater will result in gypsum precipitation (CaSO₄⋅ 2H₂O). Once the target level is reached, inflow will be outbalanced by evaporation and salinity of the surface water will increase due to accumulation of seawater-salts. The water column will re-mix when the density of the surface water will equal that of the lower water column. In spite of its large volume and high salinity relative to that of the inflowing water, over the long run the composition of this unique lake will change. Before a decision is made on the planning and construction of the Conduit, it is essential that the long term evolution and characteristics of the “renewed” Dead Sea be known and anticipated changes examined. Once decided upon, the planning and construction of the Conduit should be conducted so as to minimize possible negative impacts of seawater introduction on the Dead Sea. This can only be achieved through a thorough understanding of the expected changes in the limnological physical/chemical characteristics of the Dead Sea and its unique brine.     

硬铝合金薄壁杯形件成形工艺与模具

此文介绍了硬铝合金薄壁杯形件成形工艺与模具设计的方法,分析了硬铝合金塑性差给冷挤压成形带来了困难的特点,从成形工艺、模具设计等方面采取了有效措施,从而较好地解决了硬铝合金在成形过程中产生的缺陷.此文也为类似零件艺及模具设计提供了参考.