The construction and management of nature reserves in China

ＴｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｎａｔｕｒｅｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＪｉｎＪｉａｎｍｉｎｇＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＡｇｅｎｃｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００３５，Ｃｈｉｎ...     

N级台阶轴锻件形状优化算法

建立了台阶轴“0—1”编码法,解决了N级台阶轴数学描述和其总数计算问题。应用基于基来台阶单元的优化模型和算法,有效地解决了N级台阶轴锻件形状优化问题。     

创建绿色学校的实践探析

环境保护，教育为本．该文回顾、总结了广州市近年来创建绿色学校的经验和体会，提出今后深入开展这一活动的若干措施。     

脉冲放电烟气脱除尘与除SO_2和NO_X的研究

对脉冲放电烟气除尘与脱除ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ进行实验研究与分析的结果表明，烟气中的飞灰对ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ吸附脱除２％～５％，吸附脱除量随着飞灰浓度和烟气含量的增加而增大。在单位体积烟气注入能量为４Ｗｈ／Ｎｍ３和烟气在反应器中停留时间小于３秒，飞灰与水蒸气的协同作用使ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ脱除率分别达到２３％和３３％。同时，脉冲放电使反应器对飞灰具有良好的协同作用，收集效率为９７％。     

Economic development and its impact on the environment in east coastal zone of China

This paper discusses briefly the elementary characteristics of the east China economic developing zone, and analyses the condition of urban atmospheric pollution, water pollution and ecological damage in this zone at present. It was brought forward that we must pay great attention to the environmental factors, and make the environmental impact assessment and environmental planning in the process of economic development in this zone.     

Comparative genomics: methods and applications

Interpreting the functional content of a given genomic sequence is one of the central challenges of biology today. Perhaps the most promising approach to this problem is based on the comparative method of classic biology in the modern guise of sequence comparison. For instance, protein-coding regions tend to be conserved between species. Hence, a simple method for distinguishing a functional exon from the chance absence of stop codons is to investigate its homologue from closely related species. Predicting regulatory elements is even more difficult than exon prediction, but again, comparisons pinpointing conserved sequence motifs upstream of translation start sites are helping to unravel gene regulatory networks. In addition to interspecific studies, intraspecific sequence comparison yields insights into the evolutionary forces that have acted on a species in the past. Of particular interest here is the identification of selection events such as selective sweeps. Both intra- and interspecific sequence comparisons are based on a variety of computational methods, including alignment, phylogenetic reconstruction, and coalescent theory. This article surveys the biology and the central computational ideas applied in recent comparative genomics projects. We argue that the most fruitful method of understanding the functional content of genomes is to study them in the context of related genomic sequences. In particular, such a study may reveal selection, a fundamental pointer to biological relevance.     

Epicuticular wax of large and small white butterflies,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Pieris brassicae</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> P. rapae crucivora</Emphasis>: qualitative and quantitative comparison between diapause and non-diapause pupae

We compared the quantity and quality of the epicuticular wax of diapause and non-diapause pupae in two closely related Pieris species, P. brassicae and P. rapae crucivora. Main components of their epicuticular wax were identified as hydrocarbons. In P. brassicae, more than 95% of hydrocarbons were saturated regardless of whether the pupae were in diapause or not. In P. rapae crucivora, 93% of hydrocarbons were saturated in non-diapause pupae whereas in diapause pupae 41% were saturated and 59% unsaturated. From measurements of body surface area by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging, we calculated the average thickness of the wax layer. The thickness in diapause and non-diapause pupae of P. brassicae was 800 and 160 nm, respectively. In P. rapae crucivora, the thickness was 195 nm in diapause and 11 nm in non-diapause. This is the first report to clarify the compositional difference in epicuticular wax between diapause and non-diapause pupae.     

Rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with HFC-134a

ＲａｔｅｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌｒａｄｉｃａｌｓｗｉｔｈＨＦＣ－１３４ａＺｈａｎｇＤｅｑｉａｎｇ，ＺｈｏｎｇＪｉｎｘｉａｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

生物三相流化床处理COD废水工艺条件研究

采用生物三相流化床处理含Cu-COD废水,研究了载体的选择和生物挂膜条件、及废水停留时间、容积负荷、气水比、温度和pH值等工艺条件与COD去除率的关系。结果表明,在控制适宜条件下,对于含Cu2～3mg/l,COD 1500～2500mg/l的染化行业废水,采用生物流化床法处理,排放水Cu可达0.52～0.82mg/l,COD为145～175mg/l,COD去除率可达92％～93％。     

pH,有机质和石灰反应对土壤背景值的影响

从上海全市214个土壤剖面样品的13个元素的背景含量,探讨了pH、有机质和石灰反应对其之影响,并对几个主要土类、亚类和土属进行了详细阐述。调查表明,上海表层土壤中,pH和有机质都与Mn、Hg、Se呈中度相关:水稻土、潮土和盐土等3个主要土类之间的pH值、有机质含量都有极显著差异,一些相应元素也有显著差异:随石灰反应的强烈,含Cu量增加,而Zn、Cr、F、Se的含量减少。