Performance of different microalgal species in removing nickel and zinc from industrial wastewater

A series of batch experiments was conducted to compare the ability of 11 microalgal species of the same cell density in removing nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) from synthetic wastewater. These included Chlorella vulgaris (commercially available), Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus quadricauda (isolates from polluted water of Wuhan, China), and eight different isolates from Hong Kong. The Wuhan isolate of Scenedesmus removed most Ni, probably due to its large biomass. Nickel concentration was reduced from an initial 30 to 0.9 mg/l after 5 min (97% Ni removal), and further declined to 0.4 mg/l after 90 min of treatment. In wastewater containing 30 mg/l Ni and 30 mg/l Zn, more than 98%, Ni and Zn were removed simultaneously at the end of 5 min treatment, indicating that the presence of Zn in wastewater did not affect Ni removal by this Scenedesmus isolate. The second most effective species for Ni removal was an isolate, tentatively identified as Chlorella miniata, Ni concentration was reduced to 10 mg/l after 90 min, and was only slightly interfered by the presence of Zn. In terms of metal removal per unit biomass or unit surface area of algal cells, C. miniata was the best species in removing Ni and Zn. At the other extreme, one Hong Kong isolate (Synechocystis sp.) did not remove any Ni and only achieved 40% Zn removal. Performance of the other isolates was comparable with the commercial C. vulgaris, less than 50% Ni was removed after 5 h of treatment and Ni removal was significantly reduced by the presence of Zn. All algae tested were found to be viable, showing these 11 species could tolerate a mixture of 30 mg/l Ni and 30 mg/l Zn in wastewater.     

Space-time modeling for the Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey

The Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey (MTHS) is a postseason mail survey conducted by the Missouri Department of Conservation. The 1996 MTHS provides information concerning the number of turkeys harvested by hunters on each day and the total number of trips made to the counties by these hunters on each day of the hunting season. The success rates are then found from this information. Small sample sizes produce large standard errors for the estimates at the county level. We use a Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate daily hunting success rates at the county level. The model includes an autoregressive process for the days of the hunting season and spatially correlated random geographic effects. The computations are performed using Gibbs sampling and adaptive rejection sampling techniques. Results show that there are significant spatial corelations between counties and correlations between days of the hunting season. The estimates are close to the frequency estimates at the state level and much more stable at the county level.     

Rapid assessment of postfire plant invasions in coniferous forests of the western United States.

Fire is a natural part of most forest ecosystems in the western United States, but its effects on nonnative plant invasion have only recently been studied. Also, forest managers are engaging in fuel reduction projects to lessen fire severity, often without considering potential negative ecological consequences such as nonnative plant species introductions. Increased availability of light, nutrients, and bare ground have all been associated with high-severity fires and fuel treatments and are known to aid in the establishment of nonnative plant species. We use vegetation and environmental data collected after wildfires at seven sites in coniferous forests in the western United States to study responses of nonnative plants to wildfire. We compared burned vs. unburned plots and plots treated with mechanical thinning and/or prescribed burning vs. untreated plots for nonnative plant species richness and cover and used correlation analyses to infer the effect of abiotic site conditions on invasibility. Wildfire was responsible for significant increases in nonnative species richness and cover, and a significant decrease in native cover. Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire fuel treatments were associated with significant changes in plant species composition at some sites. Treatment effects across sites were minimal and inconclusive due to significant site and site x treatment interaction effects caused by variation between sites including differences in treatment and fire severities and initial conditions (e.g., nonnative species sources). We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to determine what combinations of environmental variables best explained patterns of nonnative plant species richness and cover. Variables related to fire severity, soil nutrients, and elevation explained most of the variation in species composition. Nonnative species were generally associated with sites with higher fire severity, elevation, percentage of bare ground, and lower soil nutrient levels and lower canopy cover. Early assessments of postfire stand conditions can guide rapid responses to nonnative plant invasions.     

德务淫羊藿的化学成分研究

德务淫羊藿地上部分提取物经硅胶柱色谱、硅胶制备薄层色谱等方法反复分离纯化,用各种波谱数据分析、鉴定化合物的结构.从德务淫羊藿的氯仿部分和正丁醇部分分离和鉴定了7个化合物,分别为二十烷醇(Ⅰ)、正十八酸(Ⅱ)、β谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、γ谷甾醇(Ⅳ)、20Hydroxydammar24en3one(Ⅴ)、桂木宁U(artoninU)(Ⅵ)、胡箩卜甙(Ⅶ).化合物Ⅰ～Ⅶ均首次从该植物中分离得到.参6     

浅谈浮雕装饰件成型落料复合工艺

论述聚氨脂橡胶及锌合金用于浮雕件成型落料工艺特点,模具设计和制造特点.     

有机酸强化脱硫在喷射鼓泡反应器上实验研究

选取甲酸、乙酸、乙二酸和己二酸,在喷射鼓泡反应器上对有机酸强化脱硫过程进行了实验研究,测定了脱硫率η和△pH随时间t的变化规律,得出了η与t的回归式及η与pH值的关系规律,讨论了有机酸浓度C(与所加石灰石摩尔百分比)对CaCO3利用率α及脱硫率η的影响.实验表明,乙二酸无强化效果,甲酸、乙酸、己二酸强化效果较好,浓度C超过4%时,强化效果的提高已不明显.当浓度为C为4%时,η与α分别提高了5、4、11及8、6、16个百分点,可见有机酸能有效的提高脱硫率η和CaCO3利用率α,从而降低脱硫成本.     

我国企业信息化建设中的三类角色

本文着重阐述了我国企业信息化建设中的三类角色，它们分别是企业、管理咨询公司和信息化产品开发商。企业信息化是企业、管理咨询公司、信息化产品开发商三方参与，并且互相影响、互相制约、互相促进的全员工程，缺少了三类角色中的任何一方，企业信息化的项目就无法顺利的进行下去。如何处理三者之间的关系，更显得尤为重要。     

聚酰胺胺(PAMAM)树形分子在洗煤废水处理中的应用研究

使用PAMAM树形分子混凝沉淀法处理洗煤废水，分析了洗煤废水的特点及其难处理的原因，探索了该方法处理洗煤废水的机理，并研究了树形分子的代数、溶液的酸度以及树形分子的加药量对浊度和COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明该方法处理效果优于传统的Ca(OH)2 PAM法，尝试将Ca(OH)2 PAMAM联用，处理后的上清液浊度为2．73度。化学需氧量(COD)的去除率达99．5％。     

蓄水前后三峡库区香溪河沉积物磷形态分布特征及释放通量估算

三峡库区汛末蓄水过程改变了支流库湾沉积物赋存环境,继而影响沉积物磷形态的分布特征和沉积物-水界面过程.本文通过对2016年8月(蓄水前)和10月(蓄水后)香溪河库湾沉积物和上覆水样品的采集分析,分析了蓄水前后库区干流和支流库湾底部沉积物磷形态分布特征及赋存的环境条件,估算了沉积物-水界面PO3-4-P交换通量.结果表明:蓄水后沉积物上覆水pH增加,碱性增强;Eh减少,还原性增强.沉积物中各形态磷相对含量由Na OH-PHCl-POP转变为HCl-POPNa OH-P,沉积环境的改变是磷形态变化的根本原因.沉积物中TP增加了1.3倍,上覆水ρ(PO3-4-P)是蓄水前3.7倍,间隙水ρ(PO3-4-P)是蓄水前8.3倍,增加了香溪河库湾沉积物营养盐释放风险.蓄水前后香溪河沉积物PO3-4-P总体均表现为"源",但PO3-4-P扩散通量由蓄水前的-0.002 9~0.005 9 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)增加为蓄水后的0.006 7~0.107 1 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),蓄水后香溪河库湾底部沉积物磷释放量增加.     

造纸废水处理过程的高斯过程回归软测量建模

针对造纸废水处理系统的时变性、非线性和复杂性等特点,本文提出一种基于高斯过程回归的软测量模型.基于平方指数协方差、线性协方差和周期性协方差函数组合构建了7种高斯过程回归模型,分别对出水化学需氧量和出水悬浮固形物浓度进行回归预测.此外,还对比了多元线性回归模型、主成分回归模型、偏最小二乘模型、人工神经网络模型和高斯回归模型的预测效果.对比计算结果表明无论是对输出变量的训练拟合还是预测,高斯过程回归模型的拟合效果均优于非高斯过程回归模型.高斯过程回归模型的预测结果表明：对于出水化学需氧量,线性协方差函数与周期性协方差函数的组合模型可以取得最好的预测结果;对于出水悬浮固形物,平方指数协方差函数与线性协方差函数组合模型可以取得最好的预测结果.