Rapid degradation of dyes in water by magnetic Fe/Fe3O4/graphene composites

Magnetic Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene has been successfully synthesized by a one-step reduction method and investigated in rapid degradation of dyes in this work. The material was characterized by N₂ sorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene had a layered structure with Fe crystals highly dispersed in the interlayers of graphene, which could enhance the mass transfer process between Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene and pollutants. Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene exhibited ferromagnetism and could be easily separated and re-dispersed for reuse in water. Typical dyes, such as Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet, could be decolorized by Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene rapidly. After 20 min, the decolorization efficiencies of methyl orange, methylene blue and crystal violet were 94.78%, 91.60% and 89.07%, respectively. The reaction mechanism of Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene with dyes mainly included adsorption and enhanced reduction by the composite. Thus, Fe⁰/Fe₃O₄/graphene prepared by the one-step reduction method has excellent performance in removal of dyes in water.     

Ca and OH release of ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite prepared from waste lime mud

Lime mud is a kind of solid waste in the papermaking industry, which has been a source of serious environmental pollution. Ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite were prepared from lime mud and fly ash through the solid state reaction method at 1050°C. The objective of this study was to explore the efficiency of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release and assess the phosphorus and copper ion removal performance of the ceramsites via batch experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Ca^2 + and OH⁻ were released from the ceramsites due to the dissolution of anorthite, gehlenite and available lime. It is also concluded that gehlenite had stronger capacity for Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release compared with anorthite. The Ca^2 + release could be fit well by the Avrami kinetic model. Increases of porosity, dosage and temperature were associated with increases in the concentrations of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ released. Under different conditions, the ceramsites could maintain aqueous solutions in alkaline conditions (pH = 9.3–10.9) and the release of Ca^2 + was not affected. The removal rates of phosphorus and copper ions were as high as 96.88% and 96.81%, respectively. The final pH values of both phosphorus and copper ions solutions changed slightly. The reuse of lime mud in the form of ceramsites is an effective strategy.     

2012年滨州浅海大型底栖动物现状评价

2012年春季、夏季和秋季分别对滨州浅海大型底栖动物进行了18个站位3个航次的外业调查研究,结果表明:已鉴定出大型底栖动物81种,其中软体动物27种、多毛类20种、甲壳动物18种、棘皮动物1种和其他类5种;春季（78种）最高,夏季（47种）次之,秋季（39种）最低;软体动物、多毛类和甲壳动物是构成该海域底栖动物的主要类群。大型底栖动物多样性指数为0.17～3.69,平均值为1.73±0.22;丰富度指数为0.59～3.05,平均值为1.75±0.24;均匀度指数为0.04～1.00,平均值为0.46±0.10;优势度指数为1.03～10.76,平均值为3.29±0.91。多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均为夏季最高,秋季次之,春季最低;而丰富度指数则为春季最高,夏季次之,秋季最低。栖息密度和生物量平均值均相对较高,分别为3836.83 ind./m2和48.65 g/m2;均以春季最高,秋季次之,夏季较低;不同季节均以软体动物占绝对优势,为最高,其次为甲壳动物和多毛类,其他类和棘皮动物相对较低。滨州浅海环境质量总体以轻度污染为主,与我国主要河口水域相比,属于环境质量较好的区域。     

Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate: What do we tell prospective parents?

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/CP) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and parents often ask, “how did this happen?” Patients and families may benefit from access to a multidisciplinary team (MDT) from prenatal diagnosis into early adulthood. Multiple factors can contribute to the development of a cleft. We discuss the epidemiology and risk factors that increase the likelihood of having a newborn with a cleft. The purpose of this article is to review the prenatal investigations involved in the diagnosis and workup of these patients in addition to postpartum treatment, prognostic factors, and counseling families regarding future recurrence risk.     

油气管道第三方施工损伤风险控制方法研究

针对当前油气管道运行的现状指出第三方施工损伤风险控制的紧迫性,根据第三方施工损伤风险辨识的内容,以及油气管道第三方施工损伤风险评估中人为因素分析理论,阐述第三方施工损伤风险的影响因素,通过计算各因素的灰色关联度辨识出了第三方损伤风险的主控因素,并提出了第三方施工损伤风险控制方法.     

论多元化、创新型科技期刊编辑出版人才的培养

针对当前科技期刊发展中面临的机遇和挑战,从网络信息化时代赋予科技期刊工作的新内涵的角度,分析了科技期刊编辑人员的现状及亟待解决的问题,提出了培养多元化、创新型编辑出版人才的方法和途径。分析结果表明:期刊市场的竞争,其核心是人才的竞争。科技期刊编辑出版人员素质的高低,不仅决定着科技期刊的质量,而且决定着科技期刊参与市场竞争的实力。因此,提高科技期刊编辑出版人员的素质和水平,培养和造就一大批多元化、创新型编辑出版人才是科技期刊走向市场的前提条件。     

Growth substrate selection and biodegradation of PCP by New Zealand white-rot fungi

Nine New Zealand native white-rot fungi were studied for their ability to grow and survive on different substrates formulated from bark, wheat straw, sawdust, apple pomace and maize products in order to identify their pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation potential and to select a fungal carrier for bioaugmentation of polluted soils. Isolates were also evaluated to mineralize (14)C-PCP in liquid culture and in soil. The American fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium outgrew the native fungi on the substrates tested, but the high colonisation did not result in superior PCP dechlorination as measured by chloride release. Whilst Trametes versicolor inocula produced on wheat straw and SCS (sawdust-corn meal-starch-mix) gave the highest chloride release, colonization of these two substrates as measured by biological potential was lower compared to the pomace and pomace-sawdust-mix. Neither lignin peroxidase nor manganese peroxidase production were measured for New Zealand white-rot fungi during the experiments. Laccase was the only enzyme detected. In liquid culture, the mineralisation rate was higher for T. versicolor isolates compared to P. chyrysoporium. Very little to no pentachloroanisole (PCA) was captured in the volatile fraction of T. versicolor isolates, whereas 75% of the volatile fraction of P. chrysosporium consisted of PCA. The soil microcosms studies, using contaminated soil from a timber treatment site, clearly showed that the New Zealand T. versicolor isolates mineralized PCP. Degradation of PCP in non-sterile soil was higher in the presence of white-rot fungi than in soil without white-rot fungus. This demonstrates that viable white-rot fungus is necessary for significant PCP degradation and that T. versicolor isolates showed PCP remediation potential. Wheat straw and SCS could be suitable carriers for New Zealand native T. versicolor isolates for bioremediation of PCP polluted soil sites.     

寒冷地区不同煤样冻黏强度试验研究

寒冷地区煤炭运输设备上煤的冻黏严重影响煤炭运输的安全与效率,为分析各地不同煤样的冻黏强度特性及原因,选取各地5个存在冻黏现象煤矿的煤样,测试其在Q235和UHMWPE材料上的冻黏强度,并检测5种煤样的外在水质量分数、粒度和孔容分布,结果表明:在亲水性Q235材料上,内蒙古锡林浩特煤样冻黏强度最高(2.58 MPa),其次是辽宁铁法煤样(2.02 MPa)和黑龙江双鸭山煤样(1.36 MPa),北京大安山(0.773 MPa)和木城涧煤样(0.689 MPa)较低;不同煤样在疏水性UHMWPE材料上的冻黏强度分布在0.159~0.230 MPa。各煤样因煤质、采掘破碎工况、煤化程度等因素导致其粒度和孔容分布不同,使各自外在水质量分数不同,进而导致煤样在亲水性Q235材料上冻黏强度差别明显,外在水质量分数高的煤样冻黏强度相对较高;在UHMWPE材料上,各煤样的冻黏强度因材料的疏水性而对外在水质量分数差异不敏感,因而普遍很低且差别很小,可见采用UHMWPE基体材料对各地煤在运输设备上的冻黏具有一定防治作用。