河湖疏浚淤泥的表征、絮凝和脱水

以无锡锡山湿地公园河道淤泥及太湖贡湖湾疏浚底泥为研究对象,对比分析了两种淤泥的矿物组成、粒径分布及泥微粒表面基团、ζ电位等理化特性。以聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物(polyacrylamide,PAM)为絮凝剂,对比分析了其在2种底泥絮凝分离、真空抽滤脱水过程中的作用特征,并对相关影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,两种淤泥样具有相近的主体矿物组分、有机基团及ζ电位值,但有机质含量稍高的淤泥样中大颗粒所占比例相对较高。相比阳离子型PAM,阴离子型PAM在较少用量下即可获得较大絮团,但上清液浊度较高。絮凝泥在抽滤过程受絮团尺寸影响较大, PAM不同类型基团间的差异对其影响较小,但对趋于平衡后的泥饼含水率略有影响。     

天津生态城低碳体验中心碳排放及减碳潜力研究

基于绿色建筑评价指标体系,采用eFootprint软件对天津市中新生态城低碳体验中心全生命周期碳排放量和运营阶段采用的主要绿色技术减碳潜力进行计算与分析,结果表明:该建筑运营阶段碳排放量占比最大,为89.74％,其次是物化阶段,为10.08％,废弃阶段仅占比0.18％.同时,太阳能热水技术措施的利用对建筑的减碳效果最好...     

Physical Characterization and Pre-assessment of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene as 3D Printing Material

3D printing has received lots of attention due to its limitless potential and advantages in comparison to traditional manufacturing processes. This study focuses on the most popular type of home 3D printers, namely fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers, which use plastic filaments as the feedstock. The rather high material cost and large amount of plastic waste generated by FFF 3D printers have driven the need for plastic filaments produced from recycled plastic waste. This study evaluates, in terms of physical characterization, the feasibility of using recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE), one of the most commonly used plastics, as the feedstock for 3D printers, in comparison with the common acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic pellets. In-house extrusion using recycled HDPE pellets and flakes is possible. The diameter consistency and extrusion rate results, along with other physical characterization results, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and water absorption, suggest that making filaments from recycled HDPE pellets is a viable option, as the obtained filament has favorable water rejection and comparable extrusion rate and thermal stability. Existing methods for overcoming the warping and adhesion problems in 3D printing with HDPE were also reviewed. In order to increase the market competitiveness of waste-derived filaments, optimization of the extrusion process, studies on the mechanical and aging properties, and development of a standard characterization methodology and database are crucial.     

青藏高原短波辐射分布式模拟及其时空分布

论文基于太阳辐射参数化传输模型,结合MODIS每日两次的大气产品和DEM,构建了太阳短波辐射分布式模型,对青藏高原2007年的太阳直接辐射、散射辐射与总辐射分布状况进行了模拟,并利用研究区站点实测值对模型精度进行了验证,其中日值数据直接辐射的相关性分别为0.72(拉萨)和0.82(格尔木),散射辐射分别为0.71(拉萨)和0.70(格尔木),总辐射相关性大都在0.70以上;旬值数据实测值与模拟值的相关性大都在0.90以上。模拟结果表明:实际天气情形下青藏高原年平均直接辐射量为4 244 MJ/m2,年平均散射辐射量为2 348 MJ/m2,年平均总辐射量为6 592 MJ/m2。直接辐射与总辐射的空间分布主要受纬度地带性与垂直地带性的影响,且地形对地表短波辐射的影响大于纬度的影响;散射辐射的空间分布主要取决于当地的地形起伏与大气状况。     

Variation of phytoplankton community before an induced cyanobacterial （Arthrospira platensis ） bloom

A cyanobacterial (Arthrospira platensis) bloom was induced in situ by nutrient manipulation in an enclosure. The succession of the phytoplankton community and the water chemistry variations before the appearance of bloom, as well as their relationship, were investigated. The cell pigment variations were studied simultaneously. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between water chemistry and green algal or cyanobacterial composition, indicating that water chemistry variations were not suitable to be used as indicators for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. However, the diversity index of the phytoplankton community decreased sharply before the bloom appeared. Therefore, the dynamics of phytoplankton community was put forward to be an indicator for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. In addition, the cell pigment variations represented the changes of community structure, which should be useful for studying the dynamics of phytoplankton community.     

2012年滨州浅海大型底栖动物现状评价

2012年春季、夏季和秋季分别对滨州浅海大型底栖动物进行了18个站位3个航次的外业调查研究,结果表明:已鉴定出大型底栖动物81种,其中软体动物27种、多毛类20种、甲壳动物18种、棘皮动物1种和其他类5种;春季（78种）最高,夏季（47种）次之,秋季（39种）最低;软体动物、多毛类和甲壳动物是构成该海域底栖动物的主要类群。大型底栖动物多样性指数为0.17～3.69,平均值为1.73±0.22;丰富度指数为0.59～3.05,平均值为1.75±0.24;均匀度指数为0.04～1.00,平均值为0.46±0.10;优势度指数为1.03～10.76,平均值为3.29±0.91。多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均为夏季最高,秋季次之,春季最低;而丰富度指数则为春季最高,夏季次之,秋季最低。栖息密度和生物量平均值均相对较高,分别为3836.83 ind./m2和48.65 g/m2;均以春季最高,秋季次之,夏季较低;不同季节均以软体动物占绝对优势,为最高,其次为甲壳动物和多毛类,其他类和棘皮动物相对较低。滨州浅海环境质量总体以轻度污染为主,与我国主要河口水域相比,属于环境质量较好的区域。     

水土化学体系中钙镁对土体结构强度贡献的试验研究

城市区域的土体环境一般是处在常态即常温、常压、缓变异的水化学环境中,在这种环境中,影响土体稳定的要素-土体中的化学组份扮演着重要的角色,而其对诸如地面沉降、土洞的产生都有重要影响。土体稳定受其结构强度控制,钙镁是土体结构构成中重要组成部分,理论与实践分析表明,在常态水环境下,其对结构往往起着控制作用,在常态水环境中,土结构的破裂面并不是通过颗粒本身,而是通过颗粒、颗粒集合体与集合体之间粒间连结。设计的常态水环境下的化学组份变异与CO2分压增高水环境下的室内模拟试验,揭示了化学组份钙镁对土体结构的贡献与对宏观强度的作用。     

Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and/or palate: What do we tell prospective parents?

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/CP) is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and parents often ask, “how did this happen?” Patients and families may benefit from access to a multidisciplinary team (MDT) from prenatal diagnosis into early adulthood. Multiple factors can contribute to the development of a cleft. We discuss the epidemiology and risk factors that increase the likelihood of having a newborn with a cleft. The purpose of this article is to review the prenatal investigations involved in the diagnosis and workup of these patients in addition to postpartum treatment, prognostic factors, and counseling families regarding future recurrence risk.     

造纸废水处理过程的高斯过程回归软测量建模

针对造纸废水处理系统的时变性、非线性和复杂性等特点,本文提出一种基于高斯过程回归的软测量模型.基于平方指数协方差、线性协方差和周期性协方差函数组合构建了7种高斯过程回归模型,分别对出水化学需氧量和出水悬浮固形物浓度进行回归预测.此外,还对比了多元线性回归模型、主成分回归模型、偏最小二乘模型、人工神经网络模型和高斯回归模型的预测效果.对比计算结果表明无论是对输出变量的训练拟合还是预测,高斯过程回归模型的拟合效果均优于非高斯过程回归模型.高斯过程回归模型的预测结果表明：对于出水化学需氧量,线性协方差函数与周期性协方差函数的组合模型可以取得最好的预测结果;对于出水悬浮固形物,平方指数协方差函数与线性协方差函数组合模型可以取得最好的预测结果.     

黄河三角洲不同植物群落土壤酶活性特征及影响因子分析

土壤酶是滨海湿地群落构建和演替的关键因子,但水盐胁迫条件下土壤酶活性的驱动机制尚不明确.以黄河三角洲盐地碱蓬、芦苇、柽柳这3种盐生植物群落为对象,研究其根际与非根际土壤中蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性特征及其分布规律,并结合土壤理化性质的变化探讨滨海湿地群落演替过程中土壤酶活性的驱动因子.结果表明,盐地碱蓬、芦苇、柽柳群落的根际土壤酶活性和土壤肥力指标均显著高于非根际土壤(P <0. 05).在根际土壤中,磷酸酶与过氧化氢酶活性均表现为盐地碱蓬<芦苇<柽柳,蔗糖酶与脲酶活性则分别表现为柽柳<盐地碱蓬<芦苇、盐地碱蓬<柽柳<芦苇,且不同盐生植物群落根际土壤理化性质存在显著差异(P <0. 05),说明植物类型及其根际效应均会影响土壤酶活性和土壤肥力特征,且根际效应对土壤酶活性的影响大于植被类型.土壤蔗糖酶活性与有效钾(AK)、有效磷(AP)、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)显著正相关(P <0. 05);脲酶活性与全氮(TN)、有机质(SOM)、AK、AP、NH₄