用聚合硫酸铁絮凝法处理缫丝煮茧废水实验室试验

介绍了用絮凝法处理重庆北碚缫丝厂煮茧废水试验。结果证明，在适合的絮凝条件下，用聚合硫酸铁－聚丙烯酰胺处理废水，ＣＯＤ和色度法去除率达７８％和９６％，而用聚合硫酸铁－过氧化氢处理，ＣＯＤ和色度去除率都可达９２％。     

强制循环厌氧反应器处理中低浓度废水

为解决内循环厌氧反应器在对低浓度有机废水处理时,因产气量不足、内循环量小而不能正常运行的问题,提出了强制循环反应器的概念,给出了设计方法。以低浓度、碱性印染工业废水为研究对象,进行了强制循环厌氧反应器的启动与运行的研究,得出了该反应器的最佳HRT和最佳外加循环量。结果表明:在高硫、低性状絮状厌氧泥为接种泥情况下,最佳外循环流量1 m3/h,最佳HRT为7 h时,FCR出水的T-COD和S-COD去除率分别为53.6%和58%。     

利用养殖场废水厌氧发酵生物制氢技术研究

在批式厌氧反应器中,以厌氧消化污泥作为天然产氢菌源,通过养殖场废水的厌氧发酵生产氢气,考察了厌氧污泥和碳氮营养物质对养殖场废水产氢的影响,并对液相产物的分布、产氢动力学进行了分析.试验分为4个处理.结果表明,加入营养物质接种污泥的养殖场废水氢气含量、累积产氢量和单位COD氢气产量最高可达到50.65%、334.80mL和287.10mL/g.而未接种污泥的原始养殖场废水累积产氢量和单位COD氢气产量仅为59.24mL和67.05mL/g.污泥和碳氮营养物质对产氢能力均有显著地促进作用,加入碳氮源后微生物群促进了原养殖废水有机物的氢的形成.液相末端产物中,乙酸、丁酸占总挥发酸的61%～86%,产氢过程属于典型的乙酸-丁酸型发酵.总挥发性酸含量的提高,其产氢能力也增大. Gompertz模型能够很好地拟合其产氢过程.     

海洋环境对直升机基础产品腐蚀行为影响研究

目的 研究螺栓、卡箍等直升机基础产品在海洋大气环境下腐蚀和力学性能随时间的变化规律,采用结构模拟连接件,验证直升机防护体系对基础产品的防护效果。方法 通过将螺栓、卡箍和连接件在外场暴露不同时间,在此期间定期对试验件表面状态和力学性能进行测试,分析海洋环境对直升机基础差的影响和机上防护方法的可靠性。结果 经过2a腐蚀后,螺栓表面发生了明显的腐蚀,但是腐蚀深度不大,抗拉强度维持在18.3 MPa,剪切强度从27.99 MPa下降到26.52 MPa。卡箍发生了腐蚀,橡胶材料老化严重,推出力降低80%,基本丧失锁紧性能。有涂层保护的典型连接件,表面厚度为66 mm,色差为0.3,光泽度变化1%,各项参数与未暴露时相比变化不大。结论 在海洋大气环境下,螺栓、卡箍等在未采取防护措施的情况下不建议使用,机上采用的防护措施有效,可对基体起到很好的保护作用。     

季铵盐在海水中的降解性

以天然海水为实验介质,研究了季铵盐的生物降解、光降解和水解特性。结果表明,季铵盐的生物降解速率与水样含菌量相关,降解曲线呈阶梯三段式,中段细菌因受季铵盐杀灭/抑制作用含菌量降低,导致季铵盐的降解趋缓,192 h的降解率为8.93%。不同光源和温度对季铵盐的光降解速率和水解速率影响较大,kuv/kvis=188,k40℃/k20℃=4.58。季铵盐的降解主要由光降解贡献,20℃时自然光降解的k分别是生物降解和水解的1.96和4.5倍。季铵盐在海水中的生物降解、自然光降解和水解动力学均符合一级动力学模型,20℃时其速率常数k分别为0.00046、0.0009和0.0002,半衰期t1/2分别为62.8 d、32.1 d和126.0 d,降解半衰期较长,在海洋环境中的残留持久性需重视。     

适应瞬态高温过载环境的加载装置设计及试验研究

目的地面模拟飞行器再入过程瞬态热-离心环境,预测部组件结构响应,开展典型试验件高过载环境瞬态高温加载装置设计技术及试验研究。方法通过优化石英灯结构强度和生产工艺,改进灯阵夹具和石英灯夹持方式,解决高过载离心环境(80g)石英灯强度和夹具夹持位置灯管易碎问题。结果利用自行研制的适用于高过载环境下瞬态加热装置,对典型试验件进行了高过载高温加载试验,实现了最高温度为600℃,最大加速度为80g的技术指标。结论该研究成果可用于相关飞行器及其部组件地面热-离心复合环境等效性试验考核。     

基于B/S结构的环境基础数据管理系统设计与实现

环境基础数据是环境信息化建设的基础,合理存储、管理数据可大大提高工作人员的工作效率.首先分析环保局各业务部门的需求,以企业为中心,收集环境管理、监测等方面的数据、报表、报告信息,后台数据库采用SQL Server 2005对数据进行存储与管理.然后基于B/S体系结构,在VB.NET环境下结合ASP.NET 2.0平台开...     

基于细胞自身特征的铜绿微囊藻比生长速率预测

生物量累积是水华形成前的一个重要过程,因此研究藻类生长速率的变化对于水华早期预警具有重要意义。通过控制P浓度和光照条件获得了不同的铜绿微囊藻生长性质,研究了细胞自身特征与比生长速率的变化关系。初步建立了基于细胞P含量、细胞碳水化合物含量和细胞体积的比生长速率预测耦合模型。     

Determination of sources of fine particles in different ambient atmospheres in South Korea using a chemical mass balance model

Abstract

To determine the sources of particulate matter less than 2.5?μm (PM_2.5 in different ambient atmospheres (urban, roadside, industrial, and rural sites), the chemical components of PM_2.5 such as ions (Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺), carbonaceous species, and elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) were measured. The average mass concentrations of PM_2.5 at the urban, roadside, industrial, and rural sites were 31.5?±?14.8, 31.6?±?22.3, 31.4?±?16.0, and 25.8?±?12.4?μg/m³, respectively. Except for secondary ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, the model results showed that the traffic source (i.e., the sum of gasoline and diesel vehicle sources) was the most dominant source of PM_2.5 (17.1%) followed by biomass burning (13.8%) at the urban site. The major primary sources of PM_2.5 were consistent with the site characteristics (diesel vehicle source at the roadside site, coal-fired plants at the industrial site, and biomass burning at the rural site). Seasonal data from the urban site suggested that ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate were the most dominant sources of PM_2.5 during all seasons. Further, the contribution of road dust source to PM_2.5 increased during spring and fall seasons. We conclude that the determination of the major PM_2.5 sources is useful for establishing efficient control strategies for PM_2.5 in different regions and seasons.     

The indirect relations of workplace incivility with emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame: The moderating roles of observed incivility and trait emotional control

Drawing from the social cognitive theory of self‐regulation, we develop a model linking experienced incivility to emotional exhaustion and supportive behaviors via self‐blame, with observed incivility experienced by coworkers as a first‐stage moderator and trait emotional control as a second‐stage moderator. We contend that employees will experience self‐blame if they perceive themselves to be distinct targets of incivility (i.e., observed incivility experienced by others is low). Self‐blame can potentially trigger prosocial responses for improving the situation, but self‐blaming targets rarely respond in a prosocial manner because rational attempts to do so are thwarted by deleterious negative emotions accompanying self‐blame. We argue that trait emotional control provides resources for managing these negative emotions to unleash a bright side of self‐blame, such that the relation of self‐blame with prosocial responses (i.e., being supportive to coworkers) will be more positive and the relation of self‐blame with emotional exhaustion will be less positive for individuals with high (vs. low) trait emotional control. Multiwave data collected from a sample of 220 police officers largely support our hypotheses, indicating that the indirect relation of experienced incivility with supportive behaviors via self‐blame is strongest at lower levels of observed incivility and higher levels of emotional control.