气候变化与紫外线B辐射对北极苔原和极地荒漠生态系统的影响重要发现和扩展总结

引言 北极已成为对当前气候波动和预计的全球变暖增强的影响进行评估的重要地区.原因有以下几个方面:①在过去几十年中北极经历了大幅度的变暖过程(温度平均升高3℃,而在许多地区温度升高了4～5℃);②气候预测表明气候呈现持续变暖趋势,在2080年之前年平均气温升高4～5℃;③近期的气候变暖正在影响北极的环境和经济,这些影响还会加大,并对生活方式、文化及生态系统造成影响;④北极的变化可能会影响到地球上的其它地区.     

Density and nutritional condition of carabid beetles in wildflower areas of different age

Density and nutritional condition of the five carabid beetle species Agonum mülleri, Anchomenus dorsalis, Anisodactylus binotatus, Pterostichus vernalis and Poecilus cupreus was studied. Carabids were caught in sixteen 1–4-year-old wildflower areas, identified and counted, their nutritional condition was calculated and calculations were related to habitat parameters (i.e. wildflower area age, vegetation cover, soil water content, habitat size, surrounding landscape composition) and sex.Whereas the number of Anisodactylus binotatus caught responded positively to succession in wildflower areas, A. mülleri numbers tended to decrease and the other three species were unaffected. In a stepwise multiple regression species affiliation, sex and age of wildflower area explained together 98.5% of the variance in the pooled nutritional condition of Anchomenus dorsalis, Anisodactylus binotatus, A. mülleri and P. vernalis. Age of wildflower area alone explained 61.7% of the variance and age increased the nutritional condition of carabids. Correspondingly, nutritional condition of Poecilus cupreus was positively correlated with the age of wildflower area. Overall, the nutritional condition of the carabid assemblage studied increased from the first to the second year and then remained stable. To keep the proportion of 1-year-old wildflower areas low, wildflower areas should therefore be maintained for several years to improve the life conditions of carabid beetles and to enhance their beneficial effects in agroecosystems.     

Bestimmung und Bewertung der Emissionen von PCDD/PCDF, PAK und kurzkettigen Aldehyden in den Brandgasen von Kerzen Untersuchung von Wachsen und Dochten — Bestimmung der Emissionen aus den Brandgasen von Kerzen — Toxikologische Bewertung

Im Rahmen eines Untersuchungsprogrammes zur Schadstoffemission von Paraffin-, Stearin- und Bienenwachskerzen ohne Farb- und Lackbeimischungen wurden sowohl die Wachse und Dochte als auch die Brandgase dieser Kerzen auf die toxikologisch besonders relevanten Schadstoffklassen der PCDD/PCDF, PAK und kurzkettigen Aldehyde untersucht. Die toxikologische Bewertung kommt selbst bei einem angenommenen „worst case“-Szenario und unter Berücksichtigung von geltenden Grenz- und Richtwerten zu dem Ergebnis, da? von den untersuchten Kerzen kein zus?tzliches Gesundheitsrisiko ausgeht. Exhaust fumes of paraffin, beeswax and stearin candles without any further paint or decorative element were analysed for the toxicological important substance classes of PCDD/PCDF, PAH and short chain aldehydes. The candle waxes and wicks were investigated for chlorinated dioxins, furans and some known precursors. Toxicological risk assessment shows that emissions of the investigated candles are much lower than all administrative limitation values — even under “worst case conditions”. Thus, they do not produce a toxicological risk for human health.     

Elektronenmikroskopische Oberflächenabdrücke und ihr Auflösungsvermögen

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