Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing,in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass(PAM) reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014.The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time,OH exposure,and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study.Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials,marked as Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ,were identified during the observation.In Period Ⅰ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was high,and correlated well to the air pollutants,i.e.,SO_2,NO_2,and CO.The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation.In period Ⅱ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was low,with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants.Meanwhile,the aerosol mass decreased,instead of showing a peak,with increasing aging time.Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period Ⅰwas mainly from local sources,while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period Ⅱ.The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged,resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential.Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution.     

固定化厌氧微生物多孔囊状聚酰胺载体的研制

采用界面聚合方法制备出固定化厌氧微生物多孔囊状聚酰胺载体。该载体壁薄,内外表面粗糙多孔,具有典型的囊状空间、较高的孔体积和比表面积。将该载体用于厌氧法处理人工合成废水,同一时间的沼气产量高于使用基体型多孔聚合物载体和未使用载体时的沼气产量,在3种情况下的36d累积沼气产量分别为1430,1210,875mL。使用电子扫描电镜观察固定化微生物载体,发现有大量的厌氧菌群生长在载体内外表面。实验结果表明,该载体固定厌氧微生物的性能良好。     

对氨基苯甲醚废水处理

对氨基苯甲醚生产中排放的废水经物化前处理后,利用二氧化氯为氧化剂,在自制催化剂存在的条件下将废水中的有机物氧化分解,使CODCR去除率≥70％,色度去除率≥85％,硝基苯去除率≥85％,挥发酚去除率≥80％,氧化处理后再进行生化处理,该废水可以达标排放。     

Fate of ochratoxin a in goats

Abstract

The fate of ochratoxin A (OA) was studied in goats given a single oral dose of ³H‐OA (0.5 mg/kg). More than 90% of the radioactivity was found to be excreted in 7 days and the majority (53%) was found in feces. Thirty‐eight percent, 6% and 2.26% of the activity was found in urine, milk and serum, respectively. The radioactivity in the liver and kidney 6 hours after feeding amounted to 1.5 and 0.5% of the total dose administered, respectively. Subsequent fractionation of liver and kidney homogenates revealed that microsomes, ribosomes and post‐ribosomal supernatant fractions contained most radioactivity. Thin layer chromatographic analyses revealed two additional radioactive spots with Upvalues and fluorescent characteristics different from OA, Oα and 4‐OH‐OA. Whereas OA was found as the unaltered molecule in feces, the metabolites were primarily found in urine and milk. Less than 0.03% of free OA was found in milk during the 7‐day period.     

江河突发性水污染事故动态模拟与预警——以长江武汉段为例

近年来，频繁发生的突发性水污染给各地水源地安全造成巨大威胁，能够对事故进行模拟预警和快速响应显得日益重要。针对突发性水污染的特点，采用贴体正交网格对河道进行空间离散化，采用平面二维瞬时排放水质数学模型与GIS 集成，基于GIS的可视化功能实现了长江武汉段突发性水污染事故的动态模拟和水源地污染物浓度超标预警。模拟结果表明，该方法有效预测了长江上突发性事故排放形成的污染带的在江内的时空迁移状况，为武汉长江段水环境保护和突发性污染事故的处理提供有力的决策支持     

Sea level extremes in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands—a coastal hazard scenario to aid in decision analyses

The objective of this study is to provide a perspective on the extremes of sea-level variability and predictability for the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) on seasonal time-scales. Based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) model, the L-moments method has been used to estimate the model parameters. The bootstrap method has been used to define the exceedance probability level of upper and lower bounds of the return periods at the 90% confidence interval. On the basis of these return calculations and expected extremes of high sea level, the seasonal maxima of sea level and the varying likelihood of extreme events have been estimated. For analyzing the predictability of the extremes of sea-level, a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) statistical model has been developed. Findings reveal that there is seasonal climatology of extreme events in the vicinity of USAPI that are variable on temporal and spatial scales. Some of the islands (Yap and Saipan) display considerably higher seasonal extremes than the others for 20 to 100 year return periods because of typhoon-related storm surges. These surges are likely to cause huge tidal large sea-level inundations and increased erosion to low-lying atolls/islands and result in considerable damage to roads, harbors, unstable sandy beaches, and other major infrastructures. Finally, the need for evaluating the extreme events and associated typhoons from a regional perspective has been stressed for coastal hazard management decision analyses in the USAPI.     

Photomirex: A teratogenicity and tissue distribution study in the rabbit

Abstract

Adult New Zealand white does were intubated orally with single daily doses of 0, 5, or 10 mg of photomirex (8‐monohydromirex) per kg body weight from the 6th through to the 18th day of gestation. Pregnancies were interrupted at term by cesarian section and fetuses removed and evaluated by following routine teratologic methods. Both maternal and fetal tissues were analyzed for residues of photomirex. None of the treated does showed any sign of toxicity. Except for a significant reduction in the mean fetal weight of the 10 mg/kg group all other parameters which evaluated fetal survival and fetal development were within the control range. Photomirex was found in all tissues examined. In the doe, the highest levels were found in fat followed by liver, kidney, spleen, heart, brain and blood. Photomirex was readily transferred across the placenta and accumulated in the fetus. However, in the fetus the highest levels were found in the heart, followed by liver, brain and blood. There were no teratogenic effects at the doses used in this study.     

Cooling Suits,Physiological Response,and Task Performance in Hot Environments for the Power Industry

Heat stress on workers working outdoors in the power industry may result in fatigue and deterioration in task performance. This research collected and analyzed data on task performance of workers working indoors and outdoors with and without a cooling suit. The task performance was compared on the basis of heart rate, oxygen consumption, tympanic temperature, subjective responses, productivity, and error rates. Based on One-Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) results, a significantly lower estimated working oxygen consumption was observed (p < .001) when the cooling suit was worn. The productivity was higher while workers wore the cooling suit as compared to no cooling suit (p = .011) whereas the error rates were significantly lower(p < .001). Also a significantly lower self-reported discomfort was observed in the neck and shoulders while working wearing the cooling suit (p = .004). This study concluded that wearing a cooling suit while working outdoors was associated with physiological benefits as well as improved task performance of the study participants.     

Differences in the quality of steamed hull-less barley and wheat cakes北大核心CSCD

In this study, three different hull-less barley varieties were used to prepare steamed cakes, and their nutritional value, sensory qualities, textural properties, and in vitro starch hydrolysis were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of total dietary fiber (4.50%-5.12%), β-glucan (2.96%-3.96%), total flavonoids (12.56-38.73 mg/100 g), and γ-aminobutyric acid (5.08-9.53 mg/100 g) in the steamed hull-less barley cakes were significantly higher than that in the steamed wheat cake, which were 0.65%, 0.23%, 3.93 mg/(100 g), and 2.63 mg/(100 g), respectively. The sensory properties of steamed ordinary hull-less barley and wheat cakes were not significantly different, but the steamed 08-1127 (waxy hull-less barley) cake was softer and out of shape. The springiness, resilience, cohesiveness, gumminess, and adhesiveness of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes were similar to those of steamed wheat cake, while those of steamed 08-1127 cakes were significantly lower than those of steamed ordinary hull-less barley cakes. Steamed hull-less barley cake also showed a maximum starch hydrolysis rate (38.76%-42.74%) that was lower than that of steamed wheat cake (49.92%), and the contents of rapidly (11.58%-13.16%) and slowly digested starch (5.34%-7.56%) were lower than that of steamed wheat cake (17.21% and 15.97%, respectively). In addition, the glycemic (59.37-61.67) and hydrolysis indexes (35.82-40.00) were lower than those of steamed wheat cake (76.66 and 67.30, respectively), and the contents of resistant starch (2.74%-3.55%) were higher than those of wheat steamed cake (1.68%). Therefore, the steamed cakes of ordinary hull-less barley had a higher content of nutritional components than the steamed cake of wheat, and the in vitro starch hydrolysis parameters were better than those of steamed wheat cake. When it is necessary to consider both nutritional and sensory qualities, ordinary hull-less barley can be selected as the raw material for steamed cakes, but waxy hull-less barley is not suitable for making steamed cakes. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Treatment and recycling of incinerated ash using thermal plasma technology

To treat incinerated ash is an important issue in Taiwan. Incinerated ashes contain a considerable amount of hazardous materials such as dioxins and heavy metals. If these hazardous materials are improperly treated or disposed of, they shall cause detrimental secondary contamination. Thermal plasma vitrification is a robust technology to treat and recycle the ash residues. Under the high temperature plasma environment, incinerated ashes are vitrified into benign slag with large volume reduction and extreme detoxification. Several one-step heat treatment processes are carried out at four temperatures (i.e. 850, 950, 1,050 and 1,150 degrees C) to obtain various "microstructure materials". The major phase to form these materials is a solid solution of gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and ?kermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) belonging to the melilite group. The physical and mechanical properties of the microstructure materials are improved by using one-step post-heat treatment process after plasma vitrification. These microstructure materials with good quality have great potential to serve as a viable alternative for construction applications.