河源市城区春季PM_(2.5)典型污染过程案例分析

以河源市区2016年3月27日—4月4日污染过程为研究对象,基于同期气象条件与空气质量监测数据,分析了PM_(2.5)与气象因子间的相关性,探究河源市区PM_(2.5)污染变化特征。结果表明,3月30日河源市ρ(PM_(2.5))/ρ(PM_(10))和ρ(PM_(2.5))/ρ(CO)分别为0.87和0.08,明显高于其他时段,说明当天细颗粒物污染老化和二次转化程度突出。在此次污染过程的2个不同阶段,河源市ρ(PM_(2.5))波动受到多项气象要素共同影响,其中与气压先后呈现较强负相关(R~2=0.646 2)和不明显正相关(R~2=0.006 5),与气温呈现不明显正相关(R~2=0.008 4,R~2=0.033 9),与风速先后呈现弱负相关(R~2=0.105 2)和不明显正相关(R~2=0.072 9),与相对湿度先后呈现弱正相关(R~2=0.391 3)和弱负相关(R~2=0.176 9)。通过比较该时段河源市与周边城市的ρ(PM_(2.5))变化趋势及后向轨迹分析,发现河源市与周边城市在相似的气象背景条件下,PM_(2.5)污染主要来源于本地源排放和珠三角区域传输。     

Pesticide residues in soils, sediments, and vegetables in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam

This study assessed pesticide residues in soils, sediments, and vegetables in the Xuan Khe and Hop Ly communes located along the Chau Giang River in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. Samples were collected from agricultural areas within and outside of embankments built to prevent flooding. In Xuan Khe, the soils outside of the embankment were more clayey with higher organic matter contents compared with the inside, due to selective deposition during river flooding. Many of the soils contained significant amounts of pesticides including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dicofol, isoprothiolane, and metalaxyl although their levels were below the maximum allowable concentration set by the Vietnamese government. The spectrum of DDT derivatives found suggested that the source of DDTs was not contaminated dicofol. Soils in Hop Ly resembled soils in Xuan Khe but were relatively sandy; one field showed appreciable contents of DDT derivatives. The ratios of (p,p ^′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene + p,p ^′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane)/∑DDT in the surface and subsurface soils in Hop Ly were 0.34 and 0.57, suggesting that the DDTs originated from recent application. Pesticide residues in soils were not likely to translocate into vegetable crops, except for metalaxyl. High concentrations of cypermethrins in kohlrabi leaves could be ascribed to foliar deposition.     

Arsenic contamination in groundwater and its possible sources in Hanam, Vietnam

This study investigated the arsenic (As) level in groundwater, and the characteristics of aquifer sediment as related to the occurrence of As in groundwater in Hanam, Vietnam. The deposition and transport of As-containing substances through rivers were also examined. Arsenic concentrations in 88% of the groundwater samples exceeded the As limit for drinking water based on the WHO standards. The dominating form of arsenic was As(III). The maximum total As content in bore core sediment was found in a peat horizon of the profiles and generally, elevated levels of As were also found in other organic matter-rich horizons. Total As contents of the bore core sediments were significantly correlated with crystalline iron oxide, silt and clay contents, suggesting that As in aquifer sediment was mainly associated with iron (hydr)oxides and clay mineral. In the groundwater, As concentration showed significant correlations with the total concentrations of Fe and HCO (3)(-). Significant correlations between HCl-extractable As and non-crystalline Fe oxide, total C, N, and S were also observed in the profiles. The results support the hypothesis that under favorable reductive conditions established by the degradation of organic matter, the dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides releases adsorbed As into the groundwater. The deposition of As in the sediments from the Red River were significantly higher than that in the Chau Giang River, suggesting that the Red River is the main source of As-containing substances deposited in the study area.     

等离子体协同光催化去除模拟烟气中SO2的实验研究

近年来,低温等离子体技术以及纳米TiO2光催化技术在烟气脱硫中的应用越来越引起人们的关注.利用填充床反应器将这2种技术有机地结合起来,进行了大量脱硫实验研究.研究结果表明,等离子体协同光催化去除烟气中的SO2与单独采用等离子体技术相比,其SO2的去除率可提高5%～20%.同时,探讨了等离子体协同TiO2光催化剂的脱硫机理,分别研究了外加电压、气体流量和SO2初始浓度等因素对脱硫效率的影响.实验结果表明,当SO2初始浓度为800mg/m3,输入电压为17.5 kV,气体流量为0.2 m3/h时,SO2脱除率可以达到77.6%.     

用Co3O4催化剂光催化氧化活性染料

以沉淀一热解法制备了纳米级Co3O4催化剂,并用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪对Co3O4催化剂进行了表征。以300W高压汞灯为光源,研究了Co3O4催化剂对不同活性染料的光催化氧化活性。实验结果表明：在活性染料质量浓度为20mg／L、250mL染料溶液中Co3O4催化剂加入量为150mg、反应2h的条件下,Co3O4催化剂对B—GFF黑、B—RN蓝、K—NR艳蓝3种活性染料溶液的脱色率分别为95％,87％,77％;适当加入酸或碱有利于提高处理效率,反应后染料溶液的pH为7．12～8．37,染料溶液初始pH为10．00时的脱色率最高为100％;Co3O4催化剂具有一定的再利用价值。     

GC-MS在电子束辐照降解甲苯中的应用

用甲苯作为挥发性有机化合物的代表物质,建立了活性炭吸附-二硫化碳解吸气相色谱-质谱分析方法,对电子束辐照甲苯的静态实验和动态实验进行了定性、定量分析。实验结果表明：电子束辐照能有效地降解甲笨,其降解率随吸收剂量的增加而增大;同时,甲苯降解过程中也会生成部分有毒有害物质。该分析方法的检出限为0．02mg／L,工作曲线的线性范围为10～1000mg／L,相关系数为0．9998,活性炭吸附、解吸甲苯的加标回收率大于90％。     

Evaluation of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione as quenching agents for the analysis of halogenated disinfection by-products

Disinfection by-products(DBPs), formed from the reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter and halides in drinking water, were considered to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, and might trigger various cancers. The relatively low concentration of DBPs in finished water(low μg/L or even ng/L levels) and the interference from water matrix inhibited in situ determination of DBPs. Moreover, the further formation and degradation of DBPs by disinfectants during the holding time(several hours to s...     

综采机组隔尘风帘的设计与应用效果研究

受民用建筑大门空气幕的启发 ,将“洁净空调技术”中的“洁净棚理论”,创新并应用于综采工作面的防尘工程 ,设计了能阻止采煤机在截煤过程中产生的呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散的隔尘装置——风帘。此革新装置的原理和作用是以形成透明的“空气幕墙”将采煤司机工作区与采煤机截煤区分隔 ,阻止呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散。在邢台矿务局葛泉煤矿 132 6综采工作面进行的现场试验表明 :该装置对呼吸性粉尘有较好的隔尘效果 ,平均隔尘效率为 72 %以上。     

超声波光催化协同降解对甲基苯磺酸水溶液的机理研究

采用超声波与光催化联合法对模拟废水中难生物降解的对甲基苯磺酸(4-TSA)进行降解实验研究,借助紫外光谱、红外光谱、质谱、气相色谱、高效液相色谱、化学需氧量和总有机碳的检测结果对反应机理进行了初步探讨.实验结果表明:超声波和光催化之间存在着协同效应;当溶液初始质量浓度30 mg/L,光催化剂TiO2投加量为100 mg...     

印染污泥与煤在循环流化床上混烧实验

印染污泥热值较低,直接燃烧较为困难,需要添加辅助燃料进行混燃.通过对印染污泥与煤在循环流化床中混烧实验研究,发现印染污泥着火特性较差,启动时需将炉温提升至800℃以上,加入的污泥才能进行燃烧;污泥与煤在循环流化床中可以实现充分燃烧,温度在800～900℃之间均匀稳定,燃烧效率超过95%;混烧工况下烟气SO2含量高,在炉...