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11.
Maria Luisa Cohen 《The Environmentalist》1997,17(3):159-162
With the help of local schools and the Mount Subasio Park Community, the Assisi Nature Council has created a small ethnobotanic garden in the centre of the ancient city of Assisi, Italy. This short paper describes the opening of the garden and the philosophy which promoted its construction. 相似文献
12.
Alberto Martinetti Maria Mikela Chatzimichailidou Luisa Maida Leo van Dongen 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(1):66-75
Occupational health and safety (OHS) represents an important field of exploration for the research community: in spite of the growth of technological innovations, the increasing complexity of systems involves critical issues in terms of degradation of the safety levels. In such a situation, new safety management approaches are now mandatory in order to face the safety implications of the current technological evolutions. Along these lines, performing risk-based analysis alone seems not to be enough anymore. The evaluation of robustness, antifragility and resilience of a socio-technical system is now indispensable in order to face unforeseen events. This article will briefly introduce the topics of Safety I and Safety II, resilience engineering and antifragility engineering, explaining correlations, overlapping aspects and synergies. Secondly, the article will discuss the applications of those paradigms to a real accident, highlighting how they can challenge, stimulate and inspire research for improving OHS conditions. 相似文献
13.
Javier Atalah Saskia A. Otto Marti J. Anderson Mark J. Costello Mark Lenz Martin Wahl 《Marine Biology》2007,153(2):199-211
Natural heterogeneity in ecological parameters, like population abundance, is more widely recognized and investigated than
variability in the processes that control these parameters. Experimental ecologists have focused mainly on the mean intensity
of predictor variables and have largely ignored the potential to manipulate variances in processes, which can be considered
explicitly in experimental designs to explore variation in causal mechanisms. In the present study, the effect of the temporal
variance of disturbance on the diversity of marine assemblages was tested in a field experiment replicated at two sites on
the northeast coast of New Zealand. Fouling communities grown on artificial settlement substrata experienced disturbance regimes
that differed in their inherent levels of temporal variability and timing of disturbance events, while disturbance intensity
was identical across all levels. Additionally, undisturbed assemblages were used as controls. After 150 days of experimental
duration, the assemblages were then compared with regard to their species richness, abundance and structure. The disturbance
effectively reduced the average total cover of the assemblages, but no consistent effect of variability in the disturbance
regime on the assemblages was detected. The results of this study were corroborated by the outcomes from simultaneous replicate
experiments carried out in each of eight different biogeographical regions around the world. 相似文献
14.
José Martín Emilio Civantos Luisa Amo Pilar López 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(2):173-179
Evidence for parasite-mediated sexual selection has been found in many species that use visual ornaments to attract females.
However, in many animals, variation in female responses to scents of parasitized males suggests that parasitic infections
might also affect information conveyed by pheromones (i.e., chemical ornaments). Thus, pheromones might also function in parasite-mediated
sexual selection. We show here that female lizards Psammodromus algirus responded differently to femoral gland secretions of males according to the parasite load and health of these males. Scents
of healthier males elicited more tongue flicks (a chemosensory behavior) by females, suggesting that these scents were more
attractive. Chemical analyses showed that parasite load and the T-cell-mediated immune response were related to the variability
in the proportions of some lipids in secretions of males. Further trials testing the chemosensory responses of females to
chemical standards indicated that females actually discriminated the chemicals related to males’ health from other chemicals
found in secretions. We suggest that these chemical ornaments may provide reliable information on the health and degree of
parasitic infection of a male. 相似文献
15.
Jonathan P. Evans Clelia Gasparini Andrea Pilastro 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(5):719-727
Predation risk influences the duration of offspring development in many species where embryos develop from externally shed
eggs. Surprisingly, such predator-mediated effects on offspring development have rarely been explored in live-bearers. In
this paper, we use the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a live-bearing freshwater fish, to test whether the duration of brood retention (the time from mating to parturition) is
influenced by experimental changes in the perceived level of predation. Because the swimming performance of female guppies
is impaired during late pregnancy, we predicted that females would withhold broods for shorter periods when they are exposed
to cues that signal a heightened risk of predation on adults rather than on juveniles. We therefore simulated increased risk
of predation on adults by using a combination of pike-shaped models (resembling natural predators that prey on adult guppies)
and ‘alarm substances’ derived from the skin extracts of adult conspecific females. Our results revealed that, under simulated
predation risk, female guppies produced broods significantly more quickly than their counterparts assigned to a control group
where predator cues were absent. A subsequent evaluation of offspring swimming performance revealed a significant positive
association between neonate swimming speeds and the duration of brood retention, suggesting that by accelerating parturition,
females may produce offspring with impaired locomotor skills. These findings, in conjunction with similar results from other
live-bearing species, suggest that the conditions experienced by gestating females can generate significant variation in the
timing of offspring development with potentially important implications for offspring fitness. 相似文献
16.
Faith E. Bartz Domonique Watson Hodge Norma Heredia Anna Fabiszewski de Aceituno Luisa Solís Lee-Ann Jaykus Santos Garcia Juan S. Leon 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(3):221-226
Somatic coliphages were quantified in 459 produce and environmental samples from 11 farms in Northern Mexico to compare amounts of somatic coliphages among different types of fresh produce and environmental samples across the production steps on farms. Rinsates from cantaloupe melons, jalapeño peppers, tomatoes, and the hands of workers, soil, and water were collected during 2011–2012 at four successive steps on each farm, from the field before harvest through the packing facility, and assayed by FastPhage MPN Quanti-tray method. Cantaloupe farm samples contained more coliphages than jalapeño or tomato (p range <0.01–0.03). Across production steps, jalapeños had higher coliphage percentages before harvest than during packing (p = 0.03), while tomatoes had higher coliphage concentrations at packing than all preceding production steps (p range <0.01–0.02). These findings support the use of targeted produce-specific interventions at multiple points in the process of growing and packing produce to reduce the risk of enteric virus contamination and improve food safety during fruit and vegetable production. 相似文献
17.
Susana García-Alonso Rosa María Pérez-Pastor María Luisa Sevillano-Castaño 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):147-150
The focus of this study was to characterize the concentration levels of selected PCBs and compare them to compiled data in
order to contribute to the international database. The sampling site is located in the outskirts of Madrid and can be considered
an open urban area. 32 samples of air were taken from February 1998 to June 1998 by using a high volume air sampler. Glass
fiber filters and polyurethane foam (PUF) were used to collect the paniculate and gas phase material, respectively.
PUF plugs were Soxhlet extracted and filters were ultrasonically extracted by using pesticide-grade hexane and dichloromethane,
respectively. The cleanup procedure was carried out on a florisil column with hexane and hexane/dichloromethane as elution
solvents.
GC/MS in a selected ion monitoring mode was used for quantification and 29 selected PCBs congeners were analyzed. 相似文献
18.
We analyze the potential for an environmental monitoring agency under different regulatory missions to use multiple measures of ambient pollution levels to induce firm compliance via endogenously determined probabilistic firm-level inspections of polluting activities. Departing from previous analyses, we consider a framework where the regulator has multiple, rather than a single, measures of ambient pollution in a setting where many firms are subject to a self-reported emissions tax that is not perfectly enforceable. Under a budget-driven mission, we show that a regulator can fruitfully utilize the added information from multiple ambient monitoring receptors to induce improved environmental compliance through the creation of strategic interactions among firms. Additionally, our results provide new evidence on the relative efficiency of budget- vs. target-driven environmental enforcement missions. 相似文献
19.
Ballesteros L Zarza I Ortiz J Serradell V 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(10):1525-1529
Raw zirconium sand is one of the substances (naturally occurring radioactive material, NORM) which is widely used in the ceramic industry. This sand contains varying concentrations of natural radionuclides: mostly U-238 but also Th-232 and U-235, together with their daughters, and therefore may need to be regulated by Directive 96/29/EURATOM. This paper describes the method used to perform the radiological study on a zircon sand milling plant and presents the results obtained. Internal and external doses were evaluated using radioactivity readings from sand, airborne dust, intermediate materials and end products. The results on total effective dose show the need for this type of industry to be carefully controlled, since values near to 1 mSv were obtained. 相似文献
20.
Luisa Frati Giorgio Brunialti Stefania Gaudino Alessandra Pati Silvia Rosamilia Stefano Loppi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,178(1-4):19-24
The results of a survey aimed at testing the hypothesis that the lichen Evernia prunastri, when transplanted in an agricultural area with high atmospheric NH3 concentrations, would respond to NH3 air pollution accumulating nitrogen in its thalli and showing changes in the concentration of assimilation pigments are presented. The results confirmed the hypothesis and showed that all lichen transplants accumulated nitrogen, suggesting that besides the release of atmospheric ammonia by animal stockfarms, the use of N-based fertilizers and the deposition of N-rich dust also may contribute to the high nitrogen availability to lichens in the study area. The result indicated that in the study area both the critical level of NH3 and the critical load of N for lichens are exceeded and physiological damage is to be expected in sensitive species. The results of assimilation pigments in E. prunastri, with a decrease in the concentration of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids, as well as chlorophyll degradation to phaeophytin, confirmed this hypothesis. However, owing to the limited data set and pending further studies, these conclusions should be considered as limited to the study area. 相似文献