Preparation of Pyridine Polyionic Liquid Porous Microspheres and Their Application in Organic Dye Adsorption

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Adsorption is a common method to treat organic dye pollution in industrial wastewater. Selective adsorption and reuse can greatly reduce the waste of...     

我国中东部地区2015—2020年夏半年PM2.5和臭氧复合污染气象特征分析

为了解我国夏半年大气复合污染特征及其与气象条件的关系,基于2015—2020年夏半年(4—10月)空气质量监测、常规气象观测等资料,结合统计学方法与主观经验开展对比分析. 结果表明:分析时段内我国大气污染呈单污染比例升高、臭氧(O₃)与PM_2.5污染“双高”污染事件减少的特征,中东部大部分地区O₃超标日数增加、PM_2.5超标日数减少的“跷跷板”效应十分明显. 通过对污染过程的分析发现,区域O₃污染持续性特征明显,其中京津冀及周边地区持续时间超过10 d的O₃污染过程共有6次,最长持续时间为15 d. 与之相比,复合污染过程表现出离散性(区域污染过程少)、间歇性(持续性过程少)的特征. 区域O₃污染过程发生时的气象条件一般为最高温度较高、风速较小、混合层高度较低,但东北地区在大气扩散条件较好的情况下仍会出现区域O₃污染. 通过对地面天气分型的分析发现,均压场型和低压控制型为O₃污染出现时最主要的两种地面天气形势,高压控制型下出现O₃污染的概率相对较低,京津冀及周边地区在倒槽控制下也有一定概率的O₃污染出现. 研究显示,我国中东部地区夏半年O₃污染影响显著,关注不同地区O₃污染与气象条件之间的相关性对于大气复合污染防控有一定积极意义.      

浅谈视频监控在石化安全领域的运用与探索

以天然气净化厂安全视频监控运用为实例,充分阐述了视频监控的分类、特点以及运用实效,对各类风险场景视频监控的应用配置进行了探讨,并针对问题和不足提出了措施建议,为视频监控在石化安全领域中的开发、运用、管理提供参考。     

“三门六科”水质基准最少毒性数据需求原则

MTDR(最少毒性数据需求)是水质基准推算中数据应用的重要原则. 以重金属Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Hg2+、Cr6+为例,在广泛搜集物种毒性数据的基础上,通过数据比较分析,初步研究了我国水生生物基准的MTDR. 结果表明:Hg2+、Pb2+和Cu2+基于“三门六科”推导的急性基准值与基于美国“三门八科”MTDR的推算结果相近,分别相差20.5%、25.2%和33.3%;Cd2+、Zn2+和Cr6+的计算结果差别较为明显,表明相对于美国“三门八科”MTDR,在我国生物毒性数据缺乏的情况下,“三门六科”MTDR对于部分污染物基本可行,但仍具有一定的不确定性. “三门六科”包括鲤科、除鲤科外的另一科鱼类(冷水鱼优先)、两栖类、浮游甲壳类、昆虫类和环节动物类.      

Changes in soil organic matter composition after afforestation of arable farmland in northeast China

Since the 1970s, a substantial area of arable farmland in a semi-humid area of northeast China has been planted as deciduous forests (Populus tomentosa Carr.). This study investigates the effects of afforestation on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the chemical composition of the soil. Soil samples (Calcic chernozem) were collected from the upper 10?cm of paired arable land and secondary forests established 5 and 25 years previously. Carbon isotope analysis and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to determine SOC composition. The results show that (i) compared to the arable land, five years of afforestation caused a decrease in SOC and N concentration, while 25 years of afforestation resulted in an increase in SOC content; (ii) stable isotope δ¹³C analyses of the forest soils show gradual loss of crop-derived C and an accumulation of forest-derived C; and (iii) afforestation increased lignin abundance and decreased decompositional activity in the 25-year-old forest topsoil. Higher amounts of short-/mid-chain aliphatic compounds were observed in the 5-year-old forest (5–10?cm); and (iv) the arable soil contained substantially higher amounts of decomposed plant material and microbially derived substances. The results obtained suggest that long-term afforestation increases the SOC concentration, and alters the chemical composition of SOC.     

盐城海滨湿地植被地上生物量遥感估算研究

以盐城湿地自然保护区核心区的ETM+图像数据和同期野外实测的31 个样方地上生物量干重、湿重数据为数据源,分析了15 个遥感信息变量与湿地植被地上生物量干重、湿重的相关关系,并选择在0.01 水平上显著相关的8 个遥感变量建立一元线性回归模型、一元曲线回归模型以及多元逐步回归模型,并对比得出最优模型,进而计算出整个研究区的地上生物量。研究得出：①与研究区湿地植被地上生物量干重和湿重相关性最大的都是ETM+4 波段,干重的相关系数为0.833,湿重的相关系数为0.796;②研究区植被地上生物量干重和湿重的遥感估算模型都是一元三次函数模型,且干重模型的拟合精度要优于湿重模型;③得到研究区地上生物量干重总重量为2.28×10⁸ kg,湿重总重量为6.10×10⁸ kg。     

Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on phenol was investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg·μg ^-1·min ^-1 with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy (?G^o), enthalpy (?H^o) and entropy (?S^o) obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing.     

淮安市砂土地震液化势的综合评估

建立了BP神经网络模型LM算法的砂土地震液化判别方法,采用LVQ模式分类网络对数据进行分类,选取唐山地震时76个场地、320组现场液化勘察资料为研究对象,训练和检验网络模型的数据各160组,结果表明,该方法的砂土液化预测准确度为96.8%。根据淮安市典型场地土的钻孔资料,采用《建筑抗震设计规范法》液化判别法(规范法)、美国国家地震研究中心建议的液化判别简化方法(NCEER法)和谢君斐-陈国兴液化判别方法(谢-陈法)等3种液化判别方法及本文提出的BP神经网络模型液化判别方法对22个钻孔、120标贯点进行了液化判别,结果表明:14种地震液化判别方法的计算结果基本一致;2NCEER法比谢-陈法的计算结果要保守;3谢-陈法与规范法的计算结果很吻合,预测正确率相差不大;4规范法相对BP神经网络模型法的计算结果要保守;5BP神经网络模型法比其他3种方法的预测结果更符合实际的液化规律。最后,综合4种方法的液化判别结果给出了该地区地震液化势的评估结果,并给出了部分典型地质剖面土层地震液化势分布图。     

MgO改性赤泥复合材料对废水中氮磷的同步回收

为处理高浓度氮磷废水同时实现赤泥资源化利用,通过赤泥负载氧化镁制备高效氮磷回收材料(MgO-RM),用以对废水进行氮磷同步回收.考察了废水初始pH值、废水氮磷比和MgO-RM投加量对氮磷同步回收效果的影响.采用动力学模型和等温吸附模型对回收特性进行了描述,在此基础上利用FTIR、XRD、SEM、BET测试手段对MgO-...     

异地栽培对云南粳稻育成品种品质性状的影响

以15个云南粳稻育成品种(Oryza sativa L.)为试验材料,研究异地栽培对稻米品质性状的影响.结果表明:云南粳稻在温度相对较高的韩国水原种植,其粒长、粒宽、垩白粒率、精米白度、味度值、最高黏度值、崩解值极显著增加,长宽比、糙米率、精米率、整精米率、碱消值、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、消减值和到达最高黏度时间极显著降低,而最低黏度值、最终黏度值和起浆温度不因栽培环境改变而发生明显变化.品质性状对栽培环境的反应不仅与具体的品质性状有关,也与品种密切相关.对环境反应最敏感的品质性状是垩白粒率,环境反应指数变幅为100.3%～2 077.8%,平均值为318.9%,变异系数为204.7%.其次依次是崩解值、消减值和精米白度,环境反应指数分别为202.8%、47.5%和123.1%,对环境反应最迟钝的品质性状是起浆温度和粒长.环境反应指数分别为100.2%和97.3%,其余性状对环境反应较敏感.最低黏度和最终黏度值对环境反应在品种问存在较大差异,有的品种在韩国水原种植这两项特征值增加,有的品种则降低.