紫色土中镍植物毒性的研究

镍植物效应在不同土壤中有着很大差异。本文以盆栽试验从土壤、植物两方面研究了镍在6种不同理化性质紫色土中对莴笋的毒性特征。镍对莴笋的毒性是植物诱导性缺镁和叶片Ni/Mn值增大（＞0.06～0.10）所致。石灰性紫色土供镁不足是其镍毒性加剧的原因。土壤的组份与性质对土壤镍毒性行为有很大影响。因此,评价土壤镍植物效应时,必须注意土壤的理化特性     

海南岛儿童发钙量与土壤交换性钙关系的探讨

通过对海南岛上万名学龄前儿童头发钙含量以及所处地域农耕旱地土壤交换性钙的调查与分析发现：土壤钙与儿童头发钙含量呈极显著正相关;海南岛儿童头发钙均值低于国内其它地方的报道值;土壤环境钙含量的高低,能间接反映人体钙的营养状况。     

土著PHA合成菌回注法提高活性污泥积累聚羟基脂肪酸酯能力

在活性污泥驯化之初加入少量土著聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)合成菌(0.10～0.25 g/L),通过10 d厌氧-好氧或好氧-沉淀方式进行污泥驯化后,以葡萄糖或乙酸钠为碳源进行PHA发酵.研究了驯化前后土著PHA合成菌回注组和对照组驯化过程中的总菌数,PHA合成菌数的变化,以及对PHA发酵产率的影响.结果表明:在回注组污泥中PHA合成菌的增长速率和增长量均高于对照组,各种污泥积累PHA占挥发性悬浮固体的比例提高了21.44%～43.18%.      

硫系物对铬污染土壤的还原稳定化处理

采用化学还原技术,添加硫代硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、连二亚硫酸钠、硫化钠处理某化工厂遗留地的铬污染土壤,考察了4种还原剂处理铬污染土壤的效果。结果表明:在养护时间为30d时,4种还原剂对土壤Cr(Ⅵ)的稳定效率均高于90%,其中采用硫代硫酸钠和硫酸亚铁的稳定效率分别为99.1%和96.8%;硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠、连二亚硫酸钠和硫化钠对土壤Cr(Ⅵ)的还原效率分别为74.2%、64.1%、52.7%、49.2%;连二亚硫酸钠和硫化钠处理后土壤中铬有效态无明显变化,硫酸亚铁和硫代硫酸钠处理后土壤中铬有效态有所下降,占比(质量分数)从原土的27.4%降至14.0%、21.4%,残渣态从原土的23.4%分别增加至39.8%和39.7%,稳定性增强。在相同投加量下,硫酸亚铁是处理铬污染土壤效果最佳的还原剂。     

Chemical characteristics of soluble aerosols over the central Himalayas: insights into spatiotemporal variations and sources

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of aerosols and its soluble chemical compositions of the data gap zone in the central...     

On the forming mechanism of the cleaning airflow of pulse-jet fabric filters

To reveal the formation mechanism of a pulse-jet airflow’s cleaning effect in a filter bag, a theoretical model is built by using the theory of the gas jet and unitary adiabatic flow according to given specifications and dimensions of the bags and resistance characteristics of the cloth and dust layer. It is about the relationship between cleaning system structure and operating parameters. The model follows the principle that the flow and kinetic energy of jet flow injected into a filter bag should be consistent with the flow of cleaning airflow in the bag and the pressure drop flowing through the filter cloth and dust layer. The purpose of the model is to achieve the peak pressure of cleaning airflow, which dominates the effect of the pulse-jet cleaning process. The cleaning system structure includes air pressure in the nozzle, structure and size of nozzle, exit velocity of nozzle, jet distance, and diameter of jet cross section. Based on the condition of the cleaning system structure and operating parameters established by using the theoretical model, Fluent software is applied to carry out a numerical simulation of the jet airflow field at the nozzle’s outlet, jet airflow field between nozzle and bag top, and cleaning airflow field in the filter bag. Experimental results are used to verify the reliability of the theoretical model. They are obtained in a pilot-scale test filter with a single bag, with length 2 m and in general full-scale dimensions of the cleaning system. The results show that when any rectification measure is not installed at the bag opening, the cross-sectional area covered by the jet gas is hardly sufficient to cover the entire area of the bag opening. A large portion of the gases injected into the filter bag will overflow reversely upward from the edge due to pressure differences between the upper area and lower area inside the bag opening. This led to a serious shortage of the cleaning airflow and ar limited increase in static pressure. When a venturi-type rectifier tube is installed at the bag opening, the jet flow is converted to funnel flow for which the cross-section velocity distribution is more uniform at the throat of the rectifier tube due to the guided effects of the upper tapered pipe. Then it is transited to stressful flow below the bag opening via rectified effects of the lower dilated pipe. The results show that the gap between the static pressure of gas in the bag and the expected value is significantly reduced. The theoretical value of the nozzle diameter is enlarged to compensate for two aspects of adverse effects of cleaning airflow and energy. This is because the flow is not a purely free-form jet from the nozzle to the entrance of the rectifier tube and because the gas suffers from local resistance while flowing through the rectifier tube. The numerical simulation and experiment show that the peak pressure of cleaning airflow in the filter bag is able to reach the expected value. The results confirm that the mechanism of the pulse-jet cleaning airflow and the calculation method of the pulse-jet cleaning system structure and operating parameters offered in this study are correct. The study results provide a scientific basis for designing the system of pulse-jet fabric filters.

Implications: Pulse-jet cleaned fabric filters are commonly used for air pollution control in many industries. Pulse-jet cleaning is widely used for this purpose as it enables frequent cleaning while the filter is operating. However, the theoretical system of the forming mechanism of the pulse-jet cleaning has not formed so far. This indicates the theoretical model plays an important role in designing effective pulse-jet cleaned fabric filters.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of air quality regulations: A review of accountability studies and frameworks

Assessments of past environmental policies—termed accountability studies—contribute important information to the decision-making process used to review the efficacy of past policies, and subsequently aid in the development of effective new policies. These studies have used a variety of methods that have achieved varying levels of success at linking improvements in air quality and/or health to regulations. The Health Effects Institute defines the air pollution accountability framework as a chain of events that includes the regulation of interest, air quality, exposure/dose, and health outcomes, and suggests that accountability research should address impacts for each of these linkages. Early accountability studies investigated short-term, local regulatory actions (for example, coal use banned city-wide on a specific date or traffic pattern changes made for Olympic Games). Recent studies assessed regulations implemented over longer time and larger spatial scales. Studies on broader scales require accountability research methods that account for effects of confounding factors that increase over time and space. Improved estimates of appropriate baseline levels (sometimes termed “counterfactual”—the expected state in a scenario without an intervention) that account for confounders and uncertainties at each link in the accountability chain will help estimate causality with greater certainty. In the direct accountability framework, researchers link outcomes with regulations using statistical methods that bypass the link-by-link approach of classical accountability. Direct accountability results and methods complement the classical approach. New studies should take advantage of advanced planning for accountability studies, new data sources (such as satellite measurements), and new statistical methods. Evaluation of new methods and data sources is necessary to improve investigations of long-term regulations, and associated uncertainty should be accounted for at each link to provide a confidence estimate of air quality regulation effectiveness. The final step in any accountability is the comparison of results with the proposed benefits of an air quality policy.

Implications: The field of air pollution accountability continues to grow in importance to a number of stakeholders. Two frameworks, the classical accountability chain and direct accountability, have been used to estimate impacts of regulatory actions, and both require careful attention to confounders and uncertainties. Researchers should continue to develop and evaluate both methods as they investigate current and future air pollution regulations.     

SO2气体对树木叶片叶绿素含量的影响

应用分光光度法研究乌鲁木齐市常见行道树种新疆扬、大叶白腊和新疆大叶榆受ＳＯ２气体危害后,树木叶片叶绿素（ＣＡ、ＣＢ、Ｃｒ）含量的动态变化,以了解其抗性特点。表明,名树种在受危害全进程中其表现不同,树木一身亦具有一定的自调节能力。同时叶绿素在各阶段相对含量的动态变化特点是衡量树种抗性大小的可供参考的有价值指标之一。     

浙江浦阳江大型底栖无脊椎动物物种多样性和生态功能恢复研究

为科学评估河流修复效果,研究修复河流中底栖动物物种多样性和生态功能恢复特征,以浙江省浦江县浦阳江干流为研究对象,分别对2个近自然河段、2个城区修复河段和3个郊区修复河段在修复后1,3,4和5年的水质和底栖动物恢复状况进行调查研究.采用广义最小二乘法(GLS)模型探索底栖动物物种多样性(总物种丰富度、EPT丰富度和Sha...