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231.
With the rapid growth of electronic waste (e-waste), policies that aim to effectively manage this waste stream have been introduced
globally in recent years. Seattle, Washington, has been on the forefront of introducing policies to divert e-waste from the
landfills and maximize recycling. With the introduction of the Take-it-Back-Network, a solid recycling infrastructure has
existed in the Greater Seattle region since 2003. In 2009, the E-Cycle Washington program took into effect and now allows
recyclers to offer free recycling of certain e-waste to households and small entities. Although policies to divert e-waste
from the landfill to reuse and recycling is effective, there is also a need to analyze the current regional recycling infrastructure’s
capacity to handle changing equipment and material quantities. This study aims to characterize the Seattle regional e-waste
management capacity, with a focus on retired monitors as an example of a changing e-waste technology. We investigated waste
computer monitor recycling in the Greater Seattle region, which includes the counties of King, Pierce, Snohomish, and Kitsap.
Interviews were conducted on 20 collectors, 1 handler, and 2 processors to collect information on their business models, computer
monitor management processes, and collection/processing quantities. Using this information, we summarize the material flows
of end-of-life (EOL) cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors in the region, both from the qualitative
and quantitative perspective. 相似文献
232.
Social monogamy and extra-pair fertilization in an Australian lizard, Tiliqua rugosa 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C. Michael Bull Steven J. B. Cooper Ben C. Baghurst 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,44(1):63-72
This study investigates social monogamy in the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. At a 70-ha site near Mount Mary, South Australia, we radio tracked 55 adult female and 39 adult male lizards during their
spring activity periods. Each lizard was observed in 1–5 years. Females were observed with a single male partner on an average
of 10.8 days per year, although in 17.3% of cases, females were observed on 2 or fewer days with a male. The most intense
pairing period each year was 15 September–15 November when females were with male partners on an average of 36% of observation
days. Partnerships lasted an average of 43.3 days each year. After mating in early November, the pairs separated. Observations
of females pairing with other males were rare. Most males (82%) were also consistently monogamous, although 7 were observed
pairing with 2 females within one season. To investigate paternity, we allowed 21 gravid females to give birth to 42 offspring
in the laboratory. We determined genotypes at five polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for the females, their male partners
and their offspring. Four litters (19%) and 6 of the offspring from those litters (14.3%) showed evidence of extra-pair fertilization
(EPF). Although the sample sizes are small, females of polygynous males were more likely to experience EPF.
Received: 22 February 1998 / Accepted after revision: 23 May 1998 相似文献
233.
234.
The academic literature on climate change communications is growing. However, the majority of this literature focuses on the issue of climate change mitigation in a developed country context, and there is little published material regarding communication in a developing country and adaptation context. Similarly, despite community-based approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction increasing in the Pacific Islands region, there is very limited guidance on how to effectively communicate climate change in a way that enhances people’s resilience. This paper documents the experiences of organisations, including local and international non-government and faith-based organisations, governments, regional technical organisations and donor agencies in communicating climate change for adaptation in the Pacific region. Three key climate change communication challenges are highlighted and suggestions made for overcoming them based on results from interviews, a focus group discussion and an online forum. Finally, recommendations are made for good practice guidance in climate change communication that is empowering and culturally relevant. 相似文献
235.
236.
D. A. Lundgren D. W. Cooper 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):243-247
An experimental investigation was undertaken to isolate and quantitatively determine the effect relative humidity has on the light-scattering ability of aerosols. Both the naturally-occurring ambient aerosol of State College, Pa., and several common test aerosols were used. A measured flow of aerosol was mixed with a measured flow of particle-free air to form a mixture of constant contaminant level; the humidity of this mixture was varied by controlling the moisture content of the clean diluent air. The total light scattered by a given aerosol sample, at various relative humidities, was measured with a Sinclair-Phoenix aerosol photometer (measures the total light scattered in the near forward direction). All measurements were carried out at atmospheric pressure, and after the particulates had an average of 1½ minutes to reach equilibrium with the water vapor. Natural and laboratory-generated aerosols were both tested in this manner. 相似文献
237.
John S. Evans Douglas W. Cooper 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1298-1303
Open sources are those stationary sources of air pollution too great in extent to be controlled through enclosure or ducting. Open sources of atmospheric particles include: wind erosion, tilling, and prescribed burning of agricultural cropland; surface mining and wind erosion of tailings piles; vehicular travel on both paved and unpaved roads; construction site activity; and forest fires. It is estimated that in 1976 the total open source emissions of particles in the U.S. amounted to over 580 × 106 ton. These estimates indicate that emissions from the two largest open source classes, travel on unpaved roads and agricultural wind erosion, accounted for 86% of this total. The open source emissions in ten states (AZ, CA, KS, MN, MT, NM, ND, OH, SD, TX) contributed 6 2% of the national emissions for 1976. 相似文献
238.
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240.
Bowyer TW Biegalski SR Cooper M Eslinger PW Haas D Hayes JC Miley HS Strom DJ Woods V 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(7):681-687
We report on the first measurements of short-lived gaseous fission products detected outside of Japan following the Fukushima nuclear releases, which occurred after a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. The measurements were conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), (46°16′47″N, 119°16′53″W) located more than 7000 km from the emission point in Fukushima Japan (37°25′17″N, 141°1′57″E). First detections of 133Xe were made starting early March 16, only four days following the earthquake. Maximum concentrations of 133Xe were in excess of 40 Bq/m3, which is more than ×40,000 the average concentration of this isotope is this part of the United States. 相似文献