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351.
352.
Jeff Joireman Donelle C. Posey Heather Barnes Truelove Craig D. Parks 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009,29(2):181-192
Three studies examined the impact of warnings about depleting resources. In Study 1, participants played 16 trials of a 5-person resource dilemma game with complete resource uncertainty. After trial 12, participants were told they were close to depleting the resource, and thereafter received no additional warnings. Size of harvests dropped after the warning, but rebounded within 3 trials to pre-warning levels, a pattern stronger under low harvesting variability. In Study 2, participants received warnings after trials 12 and 16 of a 22-trial game. Again, harvesting dropped after the first warning, but rebounded to pre-warning levels within 3 trials, a pattern stronger under a short-term vs. a long-term warning. Harvesting was unaffected by the second warning. In Study 3, when participants received no feedback about others' harvests, harvesting dropped after both warnings, and was lower among those led to believe the resource would last a short number of trials. 相似文献
353.
Global change affects alpine ecosystems by, among many effects, by altering plant distributions and community composition.
However, forecasting alpine vegetation change is challenged by a scarcity of studies observing change in fixed plots spanning
decadal-time scales. We present in this article a probabilistic modeling approach that forecasts vegetation change on Niwot
Ridge, CO using plant abundance data collected from marked plots established in 1971 and resampled in 1991 and 2001. Assuming
future change can be inferred from past change, we extrapolate change for 100 years from 1971 and correlate trends for each
plant community with time series environmental data (1971–2001). Models predict a decreased extent of Snowbed vegetation and
an increased extent of Shrub Tundra by 2071. Mean annual maximum temperature and nitrogen deposition were the primary a posteriori
correlates of plant community change. This modeling effort is useful for generating hypotheses of future vegetation change
that can be tested with future sampling efforts. 相似文献
354.
Vyas NB Spann JW Hulse CS Gentry S Borges SL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):209-214
The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that
is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation
and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary
that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h
after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation
and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure
periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. 相似文献
355.
Gurpal S. Toor Lu Han Craig D. Stanley 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4305-4320
Our objective was to evaluate changes in water quality parameters during 1983–2007 in a subtropical drinking water reservoir (area: 7 km2) located in Lake Manatee Watershed (area: 338 km2) in Florida, USA. Most water quality parameters (color, turbidity, Secchi depth, pH, EC, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, cations, anions, and lead) were below the Florida potable water standards. Concentrations of copper exceeded the potable water standard of <30 μg?l?1 in about half of the samples. About 75 % of total N in lake was organic N (0.93 mg?l?1) with the remainder (25 %) as inorganic N (NH3-N: 0.19, NO3-N: 0.17 mg?l?1), while 86 % of total P was orthophosphate. Mean total N/P was <6:1 indicating N limitation in the lake. Mean monthly concentration of chlorophyll-a was much lower than the EPA water quality threshold of 20 μg?l?1. Concentrations of total N showed significant increase from 1983 to 1994 and a decrease from 1997 to 2007. Total P showed significant increase during 1983–2007. Mean concentrations of total N (n?=?215; 1.24 mg?l?1) were lower, and total P (n?=?286; 0.26 mg?l?1) was much higher than the EPA numeric criteria of 1.27 mg total N l?1 and 0.05 mg total P l?1 for Florida’s colored lakes, respectively. Seasonal trends were observed for many water quality parameters where concentrations were typically elevated during wet months (June–September). Results suggest that reducing transport of organic N may be one potential option to protect water quality in this drinking water reservoir. 相似文献
356.
Carrie Nelms Myria W. Allen Christopher A. Craig Shelby Riggs 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(4):537-553
There has been an increase in scholarly attention to adolescents’ environmental attitudes; however, only a small number of empirical studies address the Adolescent Environmentalist’s (AE) personal and collective identity, media usage, and communication orientation. In this study, we investigate differences in young people (aged 12–17) who identify themselves as environmentalists, or the AEs, and those who do not drawing from a national sample of 1096 youth. Results show AEs significantly differ from their peers. The AEs have a different environmental value set, report greater self-confidence and influence among peers, support the stronger display of citizenship behaviors, follow certain news topics more, use and discuss the news more with a variety of others, and report engaging in more dialogue and persuasion. 相似文献
357.
Elizabeth B. Connelly Craig R. Allen Kirk Hatfield José M. Palma-Oliveira David D. Woods Igor Linkov 《The Environmentalist》2017,37(1):46-50
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) definition of resilience is used here to organize common concepts and synthesize a set of key features of resilience that can be used across diverse application domains. The features in common include critical functions (services), thresholds, cross-scale (both space and time) interactions, and memory and adaptive management. We propose a framework for linking these features to the planning, absorbing, recovering, and adapting phases identified in the NAS definition. The proposed delineation of resilience can be important in understanding and communicating resilience concepts. 相似文献
358.
The Great Lakes Hydrography Dataset: Consistent,Binational Watersheds for the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin
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Danielle K. Forsyth Catherine M. Riseng Kevin E. Wehrly Lacey A. Mason John Gaiot Tom Hollenhorst Craig M. Johnston Conrad Wyrzykowski Gust Annis Chris Castiglione Kent Todd Mike Robertson Dana M. Infante Lizhu Wang James E. McKenna Gary Whelan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(5):1068-1088
Ecosystem‐based management of the Laurentian Great Lakes, which spans both the United States and Canada, is hampered by the lack of consistent binational watersheds for the entire Basin. Using comparable data sources and consistent methods, we developed spatially equivalent watershed boundaries for the binational extent of the Basin to create the Great Lakes Hydrography Dataset (GLHD). The GLHD consists of 5,589 watersheds for the entire Basin, covering a total area of approximately 547,967 km2, or about twice the 247,003 km2 surface water area of the Great Lakes. The GLHD improves upon existing watershed efforts by delineating watersheds for the entire Basin using consistent methods; enhancing the precision of watershed delineation using recently developed flow direction grids that have been hydrologically enforced and vetted by provincial and federal water resource agencies; and increasing the accuracy of watershed boundaries by enforcing embayments, delineating watersheds on islands, and delineating watersheds for all tributaries draining to connecting channels. In addition, the GLHD is packaged in a publically available geodatabase that includes synthetic stream networks, reach catchments, watershed boundaries, a broad set of attribute data for each tributary, and metadata documenting methodology. The GLHD provides a common set of watersheds and associated hydrography data for the Basin that will enhance binational efforts to protect and restore the Great Lakes. 相似文献
359.
Geoffrey Craig 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2016,10(1):122-141
This article examines the reportage of green lifestyle practices across the online sites of major British newspapers. The articulation of “green lifestyle journalism” in the study is suggestive of its complex identity, given its implication in existing orders of consumption while also expressive of emerging everyday practices that potentially and variously challenge those orders of consumption. The study enquires into whether such green lifestyle journalism stories are, in fact, reported across different online sites, and if so, in which publications and how such stories are classified within online menus. It also examines the range of reported environmental lifestyle practices and how they are attributed with meaning, including their engagement with the concept of pleasure and its association with political participation. The study reveals that the pleasures associated with sustainable living are often marginalized, and instead an ethical consumer is commonly posited who is variously cognitively deficient, worried about the environmental consequences of their everyday behavior, or concerned about their inability to realize their desires to engage in sustainable lifestyle practices. The article also examines those instances when the pleasures of a more sustainable lifestyle are represented as deriving from the implementation of environmental practices and technologies in everyday, domestic contexts, and also when they are illustrated as the product of civic and political engagements with issues of sustainability. 相似文献
360.
Kerrylee Rogers Evan J. Knoll Craig Copeland Simon Walsh 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(5):1469-1479
Global degradation of coastal ecosystems is influencing the provision of ecosystem services, including fisheries maintenance services. Degradation of the Australian coastal zone and its resources following European occupation has been recognised for some time. This includes the loss of ecologically important coastal wetlands, which have strong trophic and habitat links to fisheries. In NSW, structural flood mitigation works are a principle driver of the decline of coastal wetlands; however, little action has been taken to quantify the extent of decline due to limited information of the pre-European settlement extent of coastal wetlands. We use spatial data sets in GIS to quantify prime fish habitat and calculate the loss of fish habitat for the large coastal floodplains of northern NSW, which are significant contributors to the commercial and recreational fisheries of NSW. The technique is validated by comparison with early maps of wetland distribution. We identified pre-European distribution of available fish habitat of approximately 477,000 ha, of which 87,000 ha was identified as prime fish habitat. Approximately 62,000 ha of prime fish habitat was impacted by drainage of the coastal floodplains in association with flood mitigation works which intensified in the mid-1950s and were largely completed by 1971, equating to a loss of approximately 72 % of prime fish habitat. The declining value of the ecosystem services provided by prime fish habitat following drainage is likely to be substantial. Some actions have taken place to restore the functions of this habitat although significant opportunities remain to reverse this decline through management actions that restore natural drainage and reinstate tidal exchange. These actions become even more important as pressures on coastal wetlands increase with climate change and associated sea-level rise. 相似文献