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471.
Two Fagus sylvatica L. clones were used to investigate the early responses to acute O3 exposure (150 nL L−1, i.e., 1.35× ambient hourly peak in rural Italy) and whether xeromorphic adaptations affect gas exchange, membrane, and epicuticular
responses. One clone originated in a wet and temperate climate in Central Italy (Tuscany); the other clone originated in a
warmer and drier climate in the southern-most part of the F. sylvatica distribution (Sicily). Because of higher base gas exchange rates, the most negative effects of O3 exposure (gas exchange impairment, uncoupling between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, increased membrane lipid
peroxidation) were found in the southern clone. Xeromorphic adaptations (higher epicuticular waxes and stomatal density, lower
leaf wettability and size) were found in this clone. Our results suggest that xeromorphism may increase O3 sensitivity in species not adapted to face water stress, like the mesophilic F. sylvatica, when experiments are carried out with full irrigation. We present evidence describing the relationship between gas exchange
and number and status of stomata. Stomatal density and the structural damage to stomata resulting from O3 exposure did not affect gas exchange: In fact, non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis prevailed over stomatal limitations. 相似文献
472.
An educational project on biological monitoring of air quality was launched in 2004 to involve about 650 young students (age
6 to 16) from 21 schools of nine municipalities in Tuscany (Central Italy) in active detection of the crucial pollutant ozone
with indicator sensitive tobacco seedlings. Results implied the reading of 9,300 raw biological figures and were fortified
by the data captured by six photometric analysers. Under the guidance of their teachers, the students had several opportunities
to practice with many basic and applied study areas and were initiated into the scientific method in a simple and absorbing
manner. Curiosity and involvement were widespread; a sort of emotional and responsible relationship was developed by several
pupils. Though primarily an educational exercise, the survey introduced a research element and the regional picture of air
pollution that emerged has increased our knowledge of the air quality situation in the area. Biological monitoring of air
quality is a powerful tool to improve the awareness and involvement in key topics of environmental education. In addition,
it represents a crucial element for improving the awareness of problems and implies the active participation of citizens in
the assessment of several indicators of the state of the environment. Its potential as a robust implement in landscape and
urban planning is noteworthy. 相似文献
473.
Köhler HR Sandu C Scheil V Nagy-Petrică EM Segner H Telcean I Stan G Triebskorn R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):47-54
Along a downstream stretch of River Mureş, Romania, adult males of two feral fish species, European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and sneep (Chondrostoma nasus) were sampled at four sites with different levels of contamination. Fish were analysed for the biochemical markers hsp70
(in liver and gills) and hepatic EROD activity, as well as several biometrical parameters (age, length, wet weight, condition
factor). None of the biochemical markers correlated with any biometrical parameter, thus biomarker reactions were related
to site-specific criteria. While the hepatic hsp70 level did not differ among the sites, significant elevation of the hsp70
level in the gills revealed proteotoxic damage in chub at the most upstream site, where we recorded the highest heavy metal
contamination of the investigated stretch, and in both chub and sneep at the site right downstream of the city of Arad. In
both species, significantly elevated hepatic EROD activity downstream of Arad indicated that fish from these sites are also
exposed to organic chemicals. The results were indicative of impaired fish health at least at three of the four investigated
sites. The approach to relate biomarker responses to analytical data on pollution was shown to fit well the recent EU demands
on further enhanced efforts in the monitoring of Romanian water quality. 相似文献
474.
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477.
de Medeiros PM de Almeida AL da Silva TC de Albuquerque UP 《Environmental management》2011,47(3):410-424
Wood resources are often used to support the needs of the local population. In order to protect biodiversity and resources,
conservation strategies need to consider what types of wood use have the strongest impacts on forested areas. This study aimed
to identify the use categories that put higher pressure on an Atlantic forest region located in the municipality of Igarassu
in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. To conduct the study, we measured the volume of all wood products in 62 surveyed residences
and registered the average replacement time for such products. The fuelwood category was most important locally and accounted
for 92% of annual wood consumption. However, the construction category harvests more destructively and concentrates on the
consumption of a few wood species. Therefore we recommend the fuelwood category to be the main focus of conservation effforts.
In addition, the most important species for construction purposes (e.g., Eschweilera ovata (Cambess.) Miers, Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr. and Pogonophora schomburgkiana Miers ex Benth) should also be considered as a priority for conservation. 相似文献
478.
Edward Alexander Morgan Deanna Chantal Cristina Grant-Smith 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(10):1770-1788
Although science is generally assumed to be well integrated into rational decision-making models, it can be used to destabilise consultative processes, particularly when emotions are involved. Water policies are often seen as debates over technical and engineering issues, but can be highly controversial. Recycled water proposals, in particular, can create highly emotive conflicts. Through a case study regarding the rejection of recycled water proposals in the south-east Queensland, Australia, we explore the influence of science and emotions in contemporary water planning. We highlight the dangers inherent in promoting technical water planning issues at the expense of appropriate consideration of citizen concerns. Combining the science–policy interface and stakeholder engagement literatures, we advocate for collaborative decision-making processes that accommodate emotions and value judgements. A more collaborative stakeholder engagement model, founded on the principles of co-learning, has the potential to broaden the decision-making base and to promote better and more inclusive decision-making. 相似文献
479.
Didac Pascual Jonas kerman Marina Becher Terry V. Callaghan Torben R. Christensen Ellen Dorrepaal Urban Emanuelsson Reiner Giesler Dan Hammarlund Edward Hanna Annika Hofgaard Hongxiao Jin Cecilia Johansson Christer Jonasson Jonatan Klaminder Jan Karlsson Erik Lundin Anders Michelsen David Olefeldt Andreas Persson Gareth K. Phoenix Zofia Rczkowska Riikka Rinnan Lena Strm Jing Tang Ruth K. Varner Philip Wookey Margareta Johansson 《Ambio》2021,50(2):375
Arctic and subarctic ecosystems are experiencing substantial changes in hydrology, vegetation, permafrost conditions, and carbon cycling, in response to climatic change and other anthropogenic drivers, and these changes are likely to continue over this century. The total magnitude of these changes results from multiple interactions among these drivers. Field measurements can address the overall responses to different changing drivers, but are less capable of quantifying the interactions among them. Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of ecosystem changes, and the magnitude of their direct and indirect impacts on subarctic ecosystems, is missing. The Torneträsk area, in the Swedish subarctic, has an unrivalled history of environmental observation over 100 years, and is one of the most studied sites in the Arctic. In this study, we summarize and rank the drivers of ecosystem change in the Torneträsk area, and propose research priorities identified, by expert assessment, to improve predictions of ecosystem changes. The research priorities identified include understanding impacts on ecosystems brought on by altered frequency and intensity of winter warming events, evapotranspiration rates, rainfall, duration of snow cover and lake-ice, changed soil moisture, and droughts. This case study can help us understand the ongoing ecosystem changes occurring in the Torneträsk area, and contribute to improve predictions of future ecosystem changes at a larger scale. This understanding will provide the basis for the future mitigation and adaptation plans needed in a changing climate.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01381-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
480.
Paíga Paula Sousa Sara Vera José Bitencourt Luciana Vieira Joana Jorge Sandra Silva Jaime Gabriel Correia Manuela Domingues Valentina F. Delerue-Matos Cristina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(47):66787-66803
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Three sampling campaigns were performed in the Lis River (Leiria, Portugal) in February of 2018, November of 2018, and May of 2019. River water and... 相似文献