外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性与累积重金属特性的影响

用不同盐分(0.2%、0.4%)、重金属污染土壤进行盆栽实验,研究叶面喷施不同浓度甜菜碱(GB,1、10、50 mmol·L-1)对苋菜抗盐性与重金属累积的影响.结果表明,0.4%重度盐分胁迫下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱可大幅提高苋菜茎叶部游离脯氨酸和总游离氨基酸含量;盐分胁迫抑制了苋菜根系对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,而叶面喷施甜菜碱可显著增强对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,K/Na、Ca/Na比值随着甜菜碱剂量的增加而逐渐增大.在0.4%盐分下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱促使根系K/Na、Ca/Na比值分别增加了40.4%、34.1%,说明盐分越高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性更明显.盐分胁迫下,外源甜菜碱明显提高了苋菜根系重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量.在0.4%盐分与喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱条件下,苋菜根系对各重金属的累积增幅分别为22.1%、127.1%、63.4%、61.1%、56.1%.由根系重金属与盐分离子的相关性分析可知,0.4%盐分处理后,Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn与盐分离子、重金属的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01);而在0.2%盐分处理下,只有Na与Ca、Cd与Cr、Cu与Zn的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01).说明盐分含量较高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐胁迫效果越明显,对必需元素及其伴随吸收的非必需重金属元素吸收增加也越明显.     

Toxicity evaluation of 10 oil gelling agents北大核心CSCD

Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills.     

NaCl胁迫下苋菜中镉的亚细胞分布及转运研究

中国大面积的农田土壤面临盐渍化和重金属的双重污染。探索盐分胁迫下作物可食部分的重金属累积特征将为保障农产品安全提供科学依据。本文主要从镉的亚细胞分布和离子选择性角度探讨盐分胁迫对苋菜（Amaranthus mangostanus L.）镉转运过程的影响。本试验采用水培苋菜的方式,添加不同质量浓度（0、2.5、5.0、7.5和10.0 g·L-1）NaCl和3.0μg·L-1Cd处理,测定台湾白苋菜（耐盐型）和尖叶青苋菜（敏感型）根、茎、叶中Cd和Ca的亚细胞质量分数变化。Cd的亚细胞组分质量分数由大到小顺序均为：细胞壁（FI）>细胞器（FII）>>细胞液（FIII）。NaCl胁迫下,苋菜根、茎、叶中细胞壁（FI）和细胞器（FII）Cd质量分数总体显著下降,下降幅度为16%~71%,胞液（FIII）Cd质量分数基本不变,这主要和Na的竞争吸附和吸收有关。同时耐盐型台湾白苋菜根细胞器,茎、叶细胞壁和细胞器Ca质量分数总体下降,下降范围为20%~70%。敏感型尖叶青苋菜根、茎细胞壁和细胞器组分Ca质量分数均显著下降,叶细胞壁Ca质量分数下降幅度高达80%,说明细胞壁和质膜的生理结构和组成可能发生了变化;另一方面,苋菜的运输选择性比例TSK. Na(根-茎)、TSCa. Na(根-茎)和TSMg. Na(根-茎)显著下降,下降幅度达50%以上,TSK. Na(茎-叶)、TSCa. Na(茎-叶)和TSMg.Na(茎-叶)相较对照急剧上升,上升幅度均在44%以上,表明苋菜根部K、Ca、Mg向茎转移的选择性减弱;而茎向叶转移的选择性增强。苋菜细胞组成和离子选择性的变化使根、茎中细胞壁和细胞器对Cd的截留能力变差,Cd向地上部转移的比例增大,Cd在苋菜的转运系数TF(根-茎)、TF(茎-叶)较对照处理呈现不同程度的上升。台湾白苋菜的TF(根-茎)大于尖叶青苋菜,而TF(茎-叶)小于尖叶青苋菜,表明敏感型苋菜茎细胞对Cd截留能力较强,而耐盐型苋菜根细胞对Cd的截留能力较强。     

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) requirement for the oxidation of crude oil in contaminated soils by a modified Fenton's reagent

The oxidation of soil organic matter (SOM) and total petroleum hydrocarbon were investigated in two soils at eight different hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations to determine the optimal H₂O₂ dosage for the efficient remediation of soils contaminated by crude oil with minimal SOM removal. In our study, H₂O₂ concentrations up to 1100 mM increased the SOM destruction up to 10%–15% in the two soils while no improvement of the crude oil removal efficiencies was observed. The results indicate that the destruction of SOM significantly limits the oxidation of crude oil because SOM might consume H₂O₂ more effectively than crude oil at H₂O₂ concentrations above 1100 mM. In addition, H₂O₂ concentrations higher than 1100 mM were not expected for both soils because of the extremely rapid H₂O₂ decomposition, and low H₂O₂ utilization, of both soils.     

Vehicular volatile organic compounds losses due to refueling and diurnal process in China: 2010–2050

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial to control air pollution in major Chinese cities since VOCs are the dominant factor influencing ambient ozone level, and also an important precursor of secondary organic aerosols. Vehicular evaporative emissions have become a major and growing source of VOC emissions in China. This study consists of lab tests, technology evaluation, emissions modeling, policy projections and cost-benefit analysis to draw a roadmap for China for controlling vehicular evaporative emissions. The analysis suggests that evaporative VOC emissions from China's light-duty gasoline vehicles were approximately 185,000 ton in 2010 and would peak at 1,200,000 ton in 2040 without control. The current control strategy implemented in China, as shown in business as usual (BAU) scenario, will barely reduce the long-term growth in emissions. Even if Stage II gasoline station vapor control policies were extended national wide (BAU + extended Stage II), there would still be over 400,000 ton fuel loss in 2050. In contrast, the implementation of on-board refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) on new cars could reduce 97.5% of evaporative VOCs by 2050 (BAU + ORVR/BAU + delayed ORVR). According to the results, a combined Stage II and ORVR program is a comprehensive solution that provides both short-term and long-term benefits. The net cost to achieve the optimal total evaporative VOC control is approximately 62 billion CNY in 2025 and 149 billion CNY in 2050.     

基于利益相关者理论对环评公众参与方法的研究

针对目前我国环评公众参与工作过程中存在公参范围界定不够清晰、公参主体不够分明、公众参与方法存在技术上的空白等典型性问题。文章基于利益相关者理论,并依据《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》、《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》等相关法律法规要求,确定建设项目环境影响评价的公众参与范围、主体和方法,借助利益相关者理论分析环境影响评价中各相关者的关系,提出切实可行的公众参与方法,为环境影响评价工作的进一步完善提供理论依据与技术支撑。     

黑龙江省大气污染防治思路研究

近年来,全国各地出现不同程度的雾霾天气,大气污染严重,黑龙江省部分城市大气也出现不同程度污染,本文通过分析导致大气污染的三个主要成因,即:气候条件不利于污染物扩散;煤炭消耗处于主导地位;机动车迅速发展.提出黑龙江省未来十年的大气污染防治思路和地区产业发展方向的几点建议,通过采取综合、系统的措施,完善大气污染治理制度和政策保障体系、建立分区管理、加强污染基础研究、发展绿色经济等多方面入手,冀希能够改善本省的空气质量.     

水源区中药材种植氮磷污染特征模拟研究

通过室内土柱模拟降雨实验,在三种降雨强度及两种施肥量作用下,分别测定土壤及土壤溶液中TN、TP及有机质的含量,探讨降雨强度及施肥量对水源区中药材种植氮磷污染物迁移的影响.结果表明,随着降雨强度的增大,TN、TP由土壤表面层次流向深层次的趋势不断增大,氮磷流失量增加;随着氮、磷肥料施加量的增加,土壤及土壤溶液TN、TP都有增加,氮磷流失量随之增大;一次施肥量过高容易造成肥料堆积土壤表层,氮磷流失量明显增大,少量多次施肥能使肥料利用率提高.     

Synthesis of novel CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties

To utilize visible light more effectively in photocatalytic reactions, a fly ash cenosphere （FAC）-supported CeO2-BiV04 （CeO2-BiVO4/FAC） composite photocatalyst was prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition and impregnation methods. The physical and photophysical properties of the composite have been characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The XRD patterns exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks of both BiVO4 and Ce02 crystalline phases. The XPS results showed that Ce was present as both Ce4＋ and Ce3＋ oxidation states in Ce02 and dispersed on the surface of BiV04 to constitute a p-n heterojunction composite. The absorption threshold of the CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite shifted to a longer wavelength in the UV-Vis absorption spectrum compared to the pure Ce02 and pure BiV04. The composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for Methylene Blue （MB） degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that the 7.5 wt.% CeO2-BiVO4/FAC composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity for MB dye wastewater treatment.     

工业废气中异丁酸的测定

建立了用离子色谱法测定工业废气中异丁酸的新方法。废气中异丁酸经淋洗液吸收,0．45μm微孔滤膜过滤后离子色谱法分析,时间定性,峰高定量,其异丁酸回收率为93．5％～104．2％,消采样体积为20L的条件下,异丁酸最低检出质量浓度为0．02mg／m^3。