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排序方式: 共有1411条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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Feng Han Wenfeng Li Fei Yu Zhaojie Cui 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):5810-5817
Substance flow analysis (SFA) is applied to a case study of chlorine metabolism in a chlor-alkali industrial chain. A chain-level SFA model is constructed, and eight indices are proposed to analyze and evaluate the metabolic status of elemental chlorine. The primary objectives of this study are to identify low-efficiency links in production processes and to find ways to improve the operational performance of the industrial chain. Five-year in-depth data collection and analysis revealed that system production efficiency and source efficiency continued increasing since 2008, i.e., when the chain was first formed, at average annual growth rates of 21.01 % and 1.01 %, respectively. In 2011, 64.15 % of the total chlorine input was transformed into final products. That is, as high as 98.50 % of the chlorine inputs were utilized when other by-products were counted. Chlorine loss occurred mostly in the form of chloride ions in wastewater, and the system loss rate was 0.54 %. The metabolic efficiency of chlorine in this case was high, and the chain system had minimal impact on the environment. However, from the perspectives of processing depth and economic output, the case study of a chlor-alkali industrial chain still requires expansion. 相似文献
394.
Xiao-Song He Bei-Dou Xi Dan Li Xu-Jing Guo Dong-Yu Cui Hong-Wei Pan Yan Ma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7522-7529
Compost leachates were collected to investigate the influence of the composition and removal of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), humic-like substances (HSs), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) on heavy metal distribution during the leachate treatment process. The results showed that acetic and propionic acids accounted for 81.3 to 93.84 % of VFAs, and that these acids were removed by the anaerobic-aerobic process. Humic- and fulvic-like substances were detected by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis, and their content significantly decreased after the anaerobic and membrane treatments. DON in compost leachates ranged from 26.53 mg L-1 to 919.46 mg L-1, comprised of dissolved free amino acids and the protein-like matter bound to humic- and fulvic-like substances, and was removed by the aerobic process. Correlation analysis showed that Mn, Ni, and Pb were bound to VFAs and protein-, fulvic-, and humic-like substances in the leachates. Co was primarily bound to fulvic- and humic-like matter and inorganic sulfurs, whereas Cu, Zn, and Cd interacted with inorganic sulfur. 相似文献
395.
Xiao-Song He Bei-Dou Xi Hong-Wei Pan Xiang Li Dan Li Dong-Yu Cui Wen-Bin Tang Ying Yuan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):7973-7984
To investigate the effect of organic matter evolution on heavy metal sorption, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis were employed to characterize the evolution and metal-complexing potential of fluorescent water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from composted municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The WEOMs examined comprised humic-, fulvic-, tryptophan-, and tyrosine-like substances. Composting treatment increased the content of humic- and fulvic-like matter, and changed the existence pattern of tryptophan- and tyrosine-like substances (i.e., the tryptophan- and tyrosine-like substances from uncomposted MSWs were mainly bound in protein-like matter, whereas those from composted MSWs were primarily bound in humic- and fulvic-like substances). Furthermore, composting treatment increased the polar functional group, aromaticity, and humification degree of the WEOMs, but decreased the aliphatic and hydroxyl group. These evolutions decreased the Cu(II) affinities of fulvic- and humic-like substances and the Pb(II) affinities and complexing capacities of fulvic-like substances, but increased the Cu(II) complexing capacities of fulvic- and humic-like substances. These results reveal that mature composts from the MSWs can be used for the remediation of Cu- and Pb-contaminated soils in situ, whereas immature composts can enhance the metal transferability from soil to plant. 相似文献
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对高铁酸钾预氧化并复合高岭土与PAC絮凝法除水中颤藻的效果进行了研究。通过正交实验得出了在实验水质条件下,去除颤藻的最佳条件为:高铁酸钾的投加量2.4 mg/L、高岭土24 mg/L、PAC 5 mg/L及pH值为6.5。在此条件下,K2FeO4除藻效果明显优于传统的PAC絮凝工艺。考察了K2FeO4对接种到培养液中的颤藻生长活性的影响,结果表明,随着K2FeO4量的增加,颤藻生长活性抑制时间增长。数码生物显微镜观察表明:K2FeO4在低浓度2.4 mg/L下不能破坏颤藻细胞结构,高浓度50 mg/L下可使其细胞破裂死亡。 相似文献
398.
崔临红 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,22(2):61-63
对自动顶空进样器与气相色谱法联用技术测定环境空气和废气中甲醇的方法进行了研究。结果表明:当样品加入4g氯化钠,顶空平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间为20min,用HP—FFAP毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测时,得到甲醇标准曲线方程为y=23415x+237.2,相关系数(R)0.9994;检出限为0.002mg/m2,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.5%,加标回收率为98.9%。该方法简单、灵敏、分离度好、检出限低。 相似文献
399.
Fan W Cui M Liu H Wang C Shi Z Tan C Yang X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(3):729-734
The acute toxicity of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments at high concentrations has been well-established. This study demonstrates that, at a concentration generally considered to be safe in the environment, nano-TiO2 remarkably enhanced the toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna by increasing the copper bioaccumulation. Specifically, at 2 mg L−1 nano-TiO2, the (LC50) of Cu2+ concentration observed to kill half the population, decreased from 111 μg L−1 to 42 μg L−1. Correspondingly, the level of metallothionein decreased from 135 μg g−1 wet weight to 99 μg g−1 wet weight at a Cu2+ level of 100 μg L−1. The copper was found to be adsorbed onto the nano-TiO2, and ingested and accumulated in the animals, thereby causing toxic injury. The nano-TiO2 may compete for free copper ions with sulfhydryl groups, causing the inhibition of the detoxification by metallothioneins. 相似文献
400.
利用ICP-AES分析了潞城市采暖期和非采暖期4个不同功能区PM10样品中16种化学元素,对不同元素的时空分布特征进行了研究,并采用富集因子和主成分分析初步研究了潞城市PM10中元素的主要来源。结果表明,潞城市PM10中重金属污染较为严重,且各元素在采暖期的平均浓度均明显高于非采暖期。PM10中Ca、V、Cr、As、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al和Pb的富集因子EF〉10,主要来源于人为污染;而Na、Mg、Si、Fe和K的EF〈10,除部分来自人为活动外,主要来自土壤风沙等自然来源。主成分分析结果显示,潞城市PM10中元素的主要来源按贡献率大小依次为:煤烟尘和工业粉尘50.39%,自然源34.37%和机动车尾气15.24%。 相似文献