沈阳市生态文明体制改革规划研究

以制度体制推进环境管理的有效性,是改善环境质量、解决环境问题及实现绿色发展最为直接且经济有效的手段。通过规划,对现有生态环境制度体系存在问题进行分析,提出沈阳市制度体制改革内容,明确改革方向。设计以空间管控、生态补偿、环境监管、治理市场、绩效追责、公众参与为核心,以绿色环保产业为承接的沈阳市"6+1"生态文明制度体系,明晰政府部门责任,建立联动机制,将单项制度孤岛联系起来,以制度创新及制度体系构建推动环境管理制度改革及沈阳市生态文明建设。     

废铅蓄电池收集利用污染防治主要问题分析和对策

文章基于废铅蓄电池的环境健康风险和收集利用价值,分析了我国废铅蓄电池收集利用现状及存在的主要问题,并从打击非法犯罪行为、完善法规制度、推进再生铅行业升级换代、加强宣传教育、建设公共信息服务平台等方面,提出了提升我国废铅蓄电池收集利用污染防治水平的建议。     

基于环境管理的排污许可证内容设计

分析企业环境管理及固定污染源环境行政管理现存的问题,从环境管理角度出发,重新审视排污许可制度内涵,明确了排污许可证内容设计总体思路、原则,重构了排污许可证框架,完善了证照内容设计,为实现排污许可证作为政府环境监管的执法依据、企业环境行为的守法文书、公众环保监督的参与平台提供技术指导。     

地理信息系统在地下水防控区划中的应用研究

文章应用GIS软件及DRASTIC模型,选取黑龙江省某地级市进行了地下水污染现状评估、地下水污染荷载评估、地下水脆弱性评估、地下水功能价值评估及地下水污染风险防控分区.结果得出,地下水污染风险最高处位于研究区污染荷载较高的西北和西南部;中部和北部、南部的部分区域为中风险区域;其它为一般风险控制区域.研究成果为当地政府提出地下水污染防治对策和措施提供了理论依据.     

瓦斯发电站燃气内燃机烟气脱硝方案研究

自2011年国家将氮氧化物总量纳入总量控制指标范围以来,环保主管部门针对煤层气发电项目氮氧化物排放总量政策逐渐收紧,对迅速发展的瓦斯发电项目来说氮氧化物排放浓度和总量的控制得到越来越多的重视.结合近5年来山西省瓦斯发电站实际环评过程中遇到氮氧化物排放浓度控制的问题,针对燃气内燃机高温、低烟尘、低二氧化硫的烟气排放特点,选择四个脱硝工艺方案进行了探讨,对企业制定脱硝方案具有一定的参考价值.     

典型案例地下水污染模拟预测评估

针对典型案例地下水污染模拟预测评估,可以选取中国东北部某典型工业污染源,应用地下水有限差分软件Visual Modflow,在地下水水均衡计算的基础上,结合气象、地质、水文、水质等资料,建立了典型工业污染源地下水水流水质预测模型.研究了地下水运动规律及水中污染物迁移转化规律,预测出未来两年内的地下水流及水质变化情况,为当地政府提出地下水污染防治对策和措施提供了理论依据.这样可以利用中国东北部某典型工业污染源,为地下水的保护提供保障.     

环境浓度水平的苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的作用

为了研究环境浓度下多环芳烃苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的损伤情况,我们用MTT法检测苯并[b]荧蒽对RAW264.7细胞增殖活力的影响,用试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及炎症因子的释放量、细胞内SOD酶活力、脂质过氧化产物MDA含量及活性氧自由基ROS水平,用FITC标记的大肠杆菌(E.coli)检测苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响.结果显示环境浓度(10~80 nmol·L~(-1))下的苯并[b]荧蒽能够抑制RAW264.7细胞的增殖活力,增加乳酸脱氢酶LDH的释放量.诱导活性氧自由基的形成,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及脂质过氧化产物MDA的含量.增加炎症因子IL-6,IL~(-1)β和TNF-a的分泌,降低吞噬能力.该研究结果表明,苯并[b]荧蒽对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有一定的毒性作用;能够引起RAW264.7细胞产生氧化应激;激活炎症反应;降低巨噬细胞的吞噬能力.     

An interval-based regret-analysis method for identifying long-term municipal solid waste management policy under uncertainty

In this study, an interval-based regret-analysis (IBRA) model is developed for supporting long-term planning of municipal solid waste (MSW) management activities in the City of Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, China. The developed IBRA model incorporates approaches of interval–parameter programming (IPP) and minimax–regret (MMR) analysis within an integer programming framework, such that uncertainties expressed as both interval values and random variables can be reflected. The IBRA can account for economic consequences under all possible scenarios associated with different system costs and risk levels without making assumptions on probabilistic distributions for random variables. A regret matrix with interval elements is generated based on a matrix of interval system costs, such that desired decision alternatives can be identified according to the interval minimax regret (IMMR) criterion. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They can help decision makers identify the desired alternatives regarding long-term MSW management with a compromise between minimized system cost and minimized system-failure risk.     

Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China

Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field.     

我国石油行业低碳发展技术选择＊

文章围绕我国石油行业低碳发展现状、制约条件和技术方向展开论述。通过统计我国"十一五"能源需求形势和石油行业能源使用情况,总结石油行业温室气体排放特征,预测了"十二五"油气能源需求和石油行业温室气体排放趋势。在此基础上,对石油行业低碳技术进行系统的梳理和评估,并提出我国石油行业分阶段低碳技术选择建议。