Countermeasures of Implementing Sustainable Development Strategy in Shandong, China

This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.     

城市黑臭河道夏季产甲烷通量研究——以南宁市朝阳溪为例

利用静态箱法测定城市黑臭河道!南宁市朝阳溪夏季产甲烷通量,结果表明朝阳溪是重要的甲烷排放源,夏季甲烷排放通量平均值为12.2mg/(m2·h),上游、中游、下游排放通量变化不显著。利用偏最小二乘法进行相关性分析可得,甲烷通量与温度、化学需氧量、底泥有机碳呈显著正相关,与溶解氧呈显著负相关,与总氮、氨氮、总磷、pH相关性较小。     

与碳氮循环相关的土壤酶活性对施用氮磷肥的响应

通过测定土壤酶活性和微生物量来评估施化肥对冬小麦土壤中参与碳(C)、氮(N)循环酶活性的影响.实验设氮(N)、磷(P)两个影响因子,4个处理分别是仅施P(SP)、仅施N(SN)、施N和P(P+N)、对照(CK,无施肥),测定冬小麦开花期和成熟期土壤纤维素酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性和开花期土壤微生物量.结果表明:纤维素酶活性在冬小麦两个生育期都是P+N处理中最高,分别为0.056μg·g-1·h-1(以葡萄糖计)和0.041μg·g-1·h-1(以葡萄糖计),显著高于CK.脱氢酶活性在冬小麦两个生育期都是P+N处理中最高,分别为0.46μg·g-1·h-1(以TPF计)和0.31μg·g-1·h-1(以TPF计),显著高于CK,SP和SN处理与CK有显著差异.脲酶活性在冬小麦两个生育期都是SN处理中最高,分别为54.2μg·g-1·h-1(以NH3-N计)和63.9μg·g-1·h-1(以NH3-N计),显著高于CK.蛋白酶活性在开花期SP处理中最大,成熟期CK处理中最大,分别为0.61μg·g-1·h-1(以酪氨酸计)和0.31μg·g-1·h-1(以酪氨酸计).除脲酶外,成熟期酶活性低于开花期.N和P交互作用通过增加土壤放线菌、菌根真菌生物量和作物地下生物量显著增加了纤维素酶和脱氢酶活性,通过降低土壤pH和增加铵态氮量显著降低了土壤蛋白酶活性,通过提高N利用率,降低了脲酶活性.     

海藻酸代谢菌的筛选及其性能研究

中国海岸线经常出现由海藻引起的海洋环境污染,海藻的有效利用有利于解决海洋环境问题。利用海藻发酵生产乙醇成为一项有前途的课题,但海藻中重要的多糖成分海藻酸却不能被利用。本课题以海藻酸钠为唯一碳源,初筛出了6株具有较强发酵能力的菌株,进一步摇瓶复筛,获得4株利用海藻酸生产乙醇能力较好的菌株,其中乙醇产率最高的为菌a。选取菌a进行菌株的形态观察及简单的生理生化特征分析,确定该菌株的类型。     

环境科技创新在绿色经济发展中的应用与实践研究

在雾霾天气越来越严重、环境污染日益恶化的背景下,环境的污染问题明显突出,也成为经济发展的一大障碍。为此,绿色经济发展得到更多人的认识和赞同。人们在发展经济的同时,重视绿色经济的发展,同时更重视环境科技创新在绿色经济发展中的应用。绿色文明是追求人类和自然界的和谐统一,环境保护与经济发展的协调发展。它需要对绿色资源的可持续利用,资源利用不能超过替代资源的发展速度;污染排放量不能超过自净系统的自然规律,科学合理地利用资源。科技创新、绿色文明符合中国当前可持续发展的总体要求,是发展绿色循环经济的思想基础。     

南宁市HJ-1CCD数据气溶胶光学厚度反演

利用环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD数据高时间分辨率、空间分辨率和宽覆盖的特点,进行城市地区气溶胶光学厚度定量反演研究。提出使用环境卫星数据自带的逐像元卫星观测角度文件及相应参数进行逐像元太阳天顶角、太阳方位角推算,生成四波段合成角度数据。结合改进后的暗目标算法,以及基于逐像元角度数据的6S查找表,对南宁市2014年1月14日、15日、16日HJ-1CCD数据进行气溶胶光学厚度反演。反演结果与ARONET地基观测数据进行验证,表明该算法有较高反演精度,相关系数为0.865,同时与MODIS气溶胶反演结果进行比较。结果表明,经过HJ-1CCD数据反演的气溶胶光学厚度可作为气溶胶时空分布的实时监测手段。     

复合人工湿地系统酶活性及其与污染物净化效果的相关性

构建目前广泛应用的复合垂直流人工湿地系统,从酶学角度探讨湿地主要污染物净化机理。通过对下行流-上行流复合人工湿地和下行流-下行流复合人工湿地2套系统磷酸酶、脲酶活性的测定发现,磷酸酶、脲酶活性随系统流程逐级降低,一级池磷酸酶、脲酶活性较高且日变化较大,同一一级池中磷酸酶、脲酶活性呈显著相关性。系统脲酶活性和TN去除率相关性显著,磷酸酶活性与TP去除率不存在显著相关性,磷酸酶、脲酶活性与COD去除率相关性亦不显著。     

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and 1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of > 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c = 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^− 1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

小波分析在湖泊常见浮游藻荧光识别测定中的应用

利用Daubechies7（db7）小波函数对27种分属于6个门,22个属的主要湖泊常见浮游藻的三维荧光光谱进行分解,得到各尺度分量及小波分量,应用Bayesian判别分析选择第三层尺度分量（Ca3）作为最佳特征谱,通过系统聚类分析得到浮游藻的标准谱库,结合非负最小二乘法解析的多元线性回归建立湖泊常见浮游藻的荧光识别测定技术.将该技术用于单种藻样品、模拟混合样品及实际混合样品的识别分析,单种藻样品在门类水平上的识别正确率平均为98.6%,识别测定的平均相对含量为90.8%.在实验过程中加入一定比例的噪声,考察了标准谱库的抗噪能力.对于104个实验室混合样品,优势门的藻在门类水平上的平均识别正确率为97.0%,识别的平均相对含量为67.7%,次优势门的藻在门类水平上的平均识别正确率为90.7%,识别的平均相对含量为32.3%.结果表明,所建立的识别测定技术具有可行性.