胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球固定化Candida tropicalis处理含酚废水研究

通过戊二醛将Candida tropicalis固定在胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球（NH2-M-CSm）上，探讨了游离Ct、磁性壳聚糖微球（M-CSm）固定化Ct和NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct除酚的最适条件。结果表明，游离Ct最适pH为5.5，M-CSm和NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct均在4-6之间；游离Ct最适温度为35℃，M-CSm和NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct均为30℃；NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct的热稳定性〉M-CSm固定化Ct〉游离Ct；离子强度对固定化Ct无影响，而对游离Ct有一定的影响；一价态离子对游离Ct和固定化Ct影响不大；二价态离子对游离Ct起抑制作用，而对固定化Ct起促进作用；三价态离子对游离Ct和固定化Ct均起抑制作用。通过实验还得知，固定化Ct可以通过再培养恢复酶活力，其半衰期至少为90 d。最后，在实际废水处理中，经3 h反应后，NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct除酚几乎达100%，而游离Ct只达到80%左右。     

1992年世界重要地震灾情及地震活动特征

1992年全世界重要灾情地震62条(其中中国34条),占全世界本年度5级以上地震总数的11％;因地震而死亡者3805人,受伤者约9860人。造成房屋破坏6～7万间。直接经济损失粗略估算国外17.5亿美元,国内1～2亿元人民币。1992年全世界7级以上大震20次,是1976年以来最高值。中国境内虽没有7级以上地震,但估计中国大陆震情呈增强趋势。     

Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in water and sediment in urban recreational water

The emergence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) and pathogens in the environment are serious global health concern. However, information about the occurrence of ARGs and pathogens in recreational water is still limited. Accordingly, we investigated the occurrence of six ARGs and human pathogens in three recreational lakes, and the correlations between ARGs and one mobile genetic element(intI1) were analyzed. The quantitative PCR results showed that the concentration of ARGs ranged from 4.58 × 10~0 to 5.0 × 10~5 copies/mL in water and from 5.78 × 10~3 to 5.89 × 10~8 copies/g dry weight(dw)in sediment. Sul1 exhibited the highest level among the five quantifiable ARGs. The concentrations of sul1, bla_(-TEM), and tetX exhibited significant positive correlations with intI1(p 0.05), indicating that intI1 may be involved in their proliferation. The detection frequencies of ARGs ranged from 75%–10~0%, indicating the prevalence of these risks in this region. The concentration of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Mycobacterium avium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica ranged from 10~3 to 10~5 copies/10~0 mL in water and 10~4–10~6 copies/g dw in sediment. In total, 25% of the samples harbored all pathogen genes, indicating the prevalence of these pathogens in recreational lakes.Furthermore, the next-generation sequencing results showed that 68 genera of pathogens were present, among which Aeromonas, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas were the dominant ones in this region, posing a considerable potential health risk to public health. Overall, the widespread distribution of ARGs and pathogens underscores the need to better monitor and mitigate their propagation in recreational lakes and the associated risks to human health.     

建筑物震害的类比预测方法研究

在“同一场地上相似的两幢建筑物,未来具有相似的震害程度”的假设前提下,提出了如何利用一个地区的部分建筑物单体的震害预测结果,对这一地区的其它建筑物单体的震害进行预测的方法,并从结构抗震角度研究了如何用加权Ｈａｍ－ｍｉｎｇ距离度量两幢建筑物的相似程度。     

科技投入效率、产学合作研发与全要素碳排放绩效

本文在省域层面上测度了科技投入效率、产学合作研发与全要素碳排放绩效三者之间的关系。结果表明,无论在绩效层面还是在技术层面,2000-2009年间我国科技投入效率和产学合作研发都显著影响全要素碳排放绩效,而市场发育程度、企业联盟研发和企业研发投入三者则不太显著。值得一提的是,经济发展程度与全要素碳排放绩效之间存在显著的正向关系。原因是,一方面我国加大科技投入力度,鼓励、支持、引导产学研合作研发创新,明显地提高了全要素碳排放绩效;另一方面我国市场发育不太完善,企业研发投入不够,企业联盟研发进展缓慢,降低了我国全要素碳排放绩效。我国应加大企业科技经费投入幅度,合理安排科技经费投入结构,实现节能减排的科技经费投入多元化、立体化和动态化,继续发挥产学研的互补优势,建立健全产学研合作的体制机制,营造良好的政策环境和服务氛围,地区间应在要素、技术、监管等层面扩展合作范围,实现不同区域、产业和企业间空间联动。     

几种典型木质地板材料的热重比较实验研究

利用Mettler-Toledo同步热分析仪对市场上利用率比较高的四种木质地板在不同程序控制升温,和不同气氛流量条件下的热解特性进行了研究.同时,为了更好地对地板材料的热解特性进行深入了解,以实木地板为例,验证了升温速率对热分解过程的影响.通过研究发现,四种地板样品的热解过程分为三个阶段,但每个阶段的峰值大小和峰面积各不相同.同时,气氛流量中氧气的参与使热解机理发生改变,反应时间提前,温度升高,热解速度加快.通过对比受热期间的TG、DTG和DSC曲线,确定失重范围,以及各成分的残炭百分比,可以得出四种地板材料试验成分的火灾危险性,即,实木地板的火灾危险性低于其它三种地板材料.     

Numerical simulation of flue gas desulfurization characteristics in CFB with bypass ducts

A new process of flue gas desulfurization in circulating fluidized bed with flue gas bypass ducts is presented. k–? Model, Discrete Phase Model and Finite-Rate Chemistry Model are proposed to simulate the desulfurization process characteristics in circulating fluidized bed reactor. The proposed model is validated by the comparison of experimental data and simulation results. The results show that the desulfurization reactor with bypass ducts is superior to the reactor without bypass ducts. The reactor with bypass ducts has higher desulfurization efficiencies and lower flow resistances than the reactor without bypass ducts, and it is more suitable for flue gas flow variation. Desulfurization reaction rate is controlled by absorption reaction on sorbent particles surface. When water content and Ca/S ratio increase, desulfurization efficiency of the reactor with bypass ducts increases. When SO₂ concentration increases, desulfurization efficiency decreases.     

氧化-絮凝深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用氧化-絮凝工艺对焦化废水二沉池出水进行深度处理,选择针对焦化废水研发的M180作为絮凝剂,NaQO作为氧化剂,考察了药剂投加量和废水pH值对处理效果的影响,得出最佳处理条件为:氧化时废水pH为4,氧化剂NaClO的投加量为0.9g/L;絮凝时pH为7,絮凝剂M180的投加量为0.05 g/L.处理后出水COD由160.8 mg/L降至56.9 mg/L,色度为20倍,浊度为0.5 NTU,满足《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13456-1992)一级排放标准.     

国际油气管道运输企业环境管理的先进经验及启示 以加拿大Enbridge公司为例(一)

以加拿大Enbridge公司为例,从环境政策、施工环境管理等几方面,详细介绍了北美油气管道运输行业环境管理工作先进经验,并对我国相关企业的环境管理提出了建议。     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理炼厂浮选池出水试验研究

研究设计的膜生物反应器处理炼厂浮选池出水,在每天进水容积负荷1.0 kg COD/m3,进水COD浓度600 mg/L,MLSS为900～5500 mg/L的条件下,无论活性污泥表现正常还是膨胀,过滤出水中COD均稳定地小于90 mg/L,处理效果好于目前炼油厂的合建式曝气池(容积负荷为0.5 kg COD/m3左右,出水COD100 mg/L左右)。试验运行期间,膜通量最高可达到42 L/m2·h。该工艺的技术关键是采用特殊流态来降低膜堵塞的膜生物反应器和优良质量的膜。