环境适应性试验项目的选择

介绍低气压试验、高低温试验、湿热试验、IP防护等级试验、振动试验、冲击和碰撞试验、盐雾试验等试验项目的考核目的和相应试验参数,分析上述试验项目的适用范围。并根据当前产品的发展状况,简单介绍环境试验项目的组合和试验顺序。     

我国城镇污水处理厂水质监管问题及对策研究

介绍了目前我国城镇污水处理厂的发展现状以及将其作为污染源纳入监管的背景;从进水水质监管、出水水质监管和对污水处理厂内部运营管理监管的角度,结合对部分地区行政管理部门、污水处理厂的调研,分析了污水处理厂出水水质不达标的主要原因;针对我国的实际情况并借鉴国外经验,从政府部门的监管职能、政企的合作、监管技术和末端污染控制方面,给出了加强污水处理厂运行监管效果的对策。     

温度对厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产酸的影响

在厨余垃圾和活化后活性污泥质量比为4:1,pH约为6.5的条件下,考察了温度对厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产物挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)组分及其产量、气体组分及其产量、COD去除率和发酵液pH的影响.结果表明,当温度为37℃时,乙酸和VFA产量在第4天达到最大值,分别为9.34、15.13 g/L.而VFA中乙酸占58%(质量分数)以...     

弧叶型旋转窑烧制污泥陶粒实验研究

实验选取污水污泥、粉煤灰和港口淤泥为原辅材料,采取正交实验设计物料质量配合比与烧制工艺参数,遴选出最佳物料配比和优化的烧制工艺;依照选定物料配比和工艺参数采用弧叶型旋转窑烧制污泥陶粒并测定产品的1 h吸水率,软化系数,堆积密度,表观密度,颗粒级配,粒型系数以及产品浸出毒性等技术指标,选取制得陶粒产品替代全部天然石料配制...     

Global Research Trends Related to CO2 Emissions and Their Enlightenment to China

Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases (of which carbon dioxide is more prominent) , considerable research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its relationship to sustainable development. Now GHG reduction programs have been coming into effect in many developed countries that have more responsibility for historical CO2 emissions, and the studies have become mature. First, the GHG emissions accounting system is more all-inclusive and the methods are more rational with the effort of IPCC from 1995 and all other researchers related. Second, the responsibility allocation is more rational and fair. Along with the clarity of "carbon transfer" and "carbon leakage", the perspective and methodology for allocating regional CO2 emissions responsibility is turning from production base to consumption base. Third, the decomposition method has become more mature and more complex. For example, the decomposition formulas are including KAYA expression and input-output expression and the decomposition techniques are developed from index analysis to simple average divisia and then adaptive-weighting divisia. Fourth, projection models have become more integrated and long-term. The top-down model and bottom-up model are both inter-embedded and synergetic. Trends above give some advice for the research on CO2 in China, such as emissions factors database construction, deeper-going research on emissions responsibility and structure analysis, promotion of modeling technology and technology-environment database.     

Cr(VI) uptake mechanism of Bacillus cereus

In this study, we investigated the Cr(VI) uptake mechanism in an indigenous Cr(VI)-tolerant bacterial strain -Bacillus cereus through batch and microscopic experiments. We found that both the cells and the supernatant collected from B. cereus cultivation could reduce Cr(VI). The valence state analysis revealed the complete transformation from Cr(VI) into Cr(III) by living B. cereus. Further X-ray absorption fine structure and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the reduced Cr(III) was coordinated with carboxyl and amido functional groups from either the cells or supernatant. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observation showed that noticeable Cr(III) precipitates were accumulated on bacterial surfaces. However, Cr(III) could also be detected in bacterial inner portions by using transmission electron microscopy thin section analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through quantitative analysis of chromium distribution, we determined the binding ratio of Cr(III) in supernatant, cell debris and cytoplasm as 22%, 54% and 24%, respectively. Finally, we further discussed the role of bacterium-origin soluble organic molecules to the remediation of Cr(VI) pollutants.     

安徽省洪涝致灾危险性时空格局预估

预估未来极端天气事件致灾危险性对于评估气候变化对人类经济和社会的潜在风险具有极其重要的意义。本研究采用PRECIS模式模拟的气候情景数据,选取年均暴雨日数、年均最大三日降水量、高程、坡度和距河湖距离五个指标,对SRES B2情景下未来安徽省县域尺度洪涝致灾危险性时空格局进行预估。结果表明:相对于现阶段(1981-2010),未来安徽省年均暴雨日数和最大三日降水量总体上呈现北部减少、南部增加的趋势;各时段安徽省洪灾危险性等级由北向南大致呈逐渐升高的趋势;未来安徽省洪灾危险性格局变化主要发生在近期(2011-2040)和中期(2041-2070);到中期时段,安徽省洪灾危险性处于5级的县域个数和面积百分比分别为16个和17.87%,是现阶段的2倍和2.24倍。研究结果可为气候变化背景下该地区洪涝灾害风险管理提供科学依据。     

玄武湖轮虫夏季水平分布及其与环境因子的关系

2010年7月对南京玄武湖3个区域（荷花区、湖岸区、敞水区）轮虫的水平分布进行调查,并分析其与环境因子的关系。本次调查共检出轮虫25种,全湖轮虫优势种为裂痕龟纹轮虫、多肢轮虫、端生三肢轮虫和微型三肢轮虫。荷花区种类最多,且分布有蛭态类轮虫,但3个区域中轮虫优势种组成相似。3个区域轮虫丰度差异显著（〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005）,敞水区最高（12 700.3±3 726.4 ind./L）,湖岸区（11 648.0±4 342.4 ind./L）次之,荷花区最低（8 646.9±3 798.5 ind./L）。3个区域的pH、悬浮物烧失量、总溶解氮和总悬浮颗粒物有显著差异（〖WTBX〗P<005）,而水温、总氮、总磷和总溶解磷则无显著差异（P〖WTBZ〗>005）。冗余分析表明,与轮虫水平分布相关的重要环境因子为pH、浮游甲壳动物丰度、总悬浮物、悬浮物烧失量和总溶解氮     

河流型水源地源水典型氯化消毒副产物及其前体物的强化去除工艺

以长三角某典型河流型水源地源水为研究对象,设计了传统工艺及基于凹凸棒土处理单元的6种强化工艺,对各工艺及其处理单元应用于典型氯化消毒副产物(三卤甲烷和卤乙酸)及其前体物控制的技术和经济可行性进行了系统分析。结果表明,预O3+凹土强化混凝+O3-GAC强化的工艺对上述2种消毒副产物及其前体物的控制效果最佳;在传统工艺中单纯增加O3处理也能在一定程度上提高其对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果;KMnO4控制消毒副产物的效果一般,但KMnO4处理可强化后续单元对消毒副产物前体物的去除效果。各工艺处理出水中三卤甲烷和卤乙酸单项指标均能达标,但传统工艺和经凹土强化混凝+GAC强化的工艺出水三卤甲烷4种化合物的实测浓度与其各自限值的比值之和均大于1.0,不能满足水质要求,必须进行强化处理。凹土强化混凝单元在6种强化工艺条件下对三卤甲烷生成潜能(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成潜能(HAAFP)的去除率较传统混凝单元平均提高15.99%和4.92%;各强化工艺对THMFP和HAAFP的去除率较传统工艺均提高20%以上(除凹土强化混凝+GAC强化的工艺外),消毒副产物产生量降低40%以上,工艺成本降低20%以上。     

城市土地利用对居民通勤碳排放的影响研究

以南阳市为例,基于3 746组实地调查数据,采用GIS、多元线性回归和结构方程模型,系统分析了我国中部城市居民通勤碳排放的空间分异特征,重点研究了居住地和工作地中小尺度土地利用因子对通勤碳排放的影响机制。研究发现:在内生变量中,通勤距离和通勤方式均是影响居民通勤碳排放的显著因素;在外生变量中,工作地的道路密度和商业用地占比、居住地的人口密度与通勤碳排放呈显著正相关,公交线路数量、居住地的土地利用混合度、工作地的居住用地和工业用地占比与通勤碳排放呈显著负相关。研究成果旨在为研究区城市土地利用优化调控和低碳规划提供决策依据,也为其他同类地区城市土地利用低碳规划与可持续发展提供借鉴。