Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption

Within the research field of urban water demand management, understanding the link between environmental and water conservation attitudes and observed end use water consumption has been limited. Through a mixed method research design incorporating field-based smart metering technology and questionnaire surveys, this paper reveals the relationship between environmental and water conservation attitudes and a domestic water end use break down for 132 detached households located in Gold Coast city, Australia. Using confirmatory factor analysis, attitudinal factors were developed and refined; households were then categorised based on these factors through cluster analysis technique. Results indicated that residents with very positive environmental and water conservation attitudes consumed significantly less water in total and across the behaviourally influenced end uses of shower, clothes washer, irrigation and tap, than those with moderately positive attitudinal concern. The paper concluded with implications for urban water demand management planning, policy and practice.     

Coal mining and the resource community cycle: A longitudinal assessment of the social impacts of the Coppabella coal mine

Two social impact assessment (SIA) studies of Central Queensland's Coppabella coal mine were undertaken in 2002–2003 and 2006–2007. As ex post studies of actual change, these provide a reference point for predictive assessments of proposed resource extraction projects at other sites, while the longitudinal element added by the second study illustrates how impacts associated with one mine may vary over time due to changing economic and social conditions. It was found that the traditional coupling of local economic vitality and community development to the life cycle of resource projects—the resource community cycle—was mediated by labour recruitment and social infrastructure policies that reduced the emphasis on localised employment and investment strategies, and by the cumulative impacts of multiple mining projects within relative proximity to each other. The resource community cycle was accelerated and local communities forced to consider ways of attracting secondary investment and/or alternative industries early in the operational life of the Coppabella mine in order to secure significant economic benefits and to guard against the erosion of social capital and the ability to cope with future downturns in the mining sector.     

LSC0.5-0.7-AII锅炉爆炸事故的爆炸能量及危害半径计算

针对一起LSC0.5-0.7-AII锅炉爆炸事故进行了事故分析,通过分析认定了事故原因,对事故的爆炸能量及危害半径进行了较为全面的实例分析计算,并将锅炉爆炸能量折算成了TNT当量,理论计算出了锅炉爆炸死亡半径、重伤半径、不同程度的摧毁半径等相应数据.     

Modified porosity approach and laminar flamelet modelling for advanced simulation of accidental explosions

The production of oil and gas is an inherently hazardous task. Therefore it is crucial to provide reliable estimates of the risks involved. The major contributors to the risk level of an offshore installation, for example, arise from accidents involving explosion and fire. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be a powerful tool to help with the calculation of accidental explosion scenarios. In this context, the present work suggests a novel implementation of a model based on a modified Porosity Distributed Resistance (MPDR) approach within an unstructured 3D Navier–Stokes solver. The model operates by representing parts of the filtered geometry from the original model through porosity values attributed to an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. Extra resistance terms are added in the momentum equation as well as extra sources of turbulence. Two extra sources of turbulence are modelled. The first of these is due to the shear layers of the non-resolved obstacles, whilst the second is due to the presence of wakes behind the non-resolved obstacles. Results for 2D and 3D test cases are compared against both experimental data and simulations with fully-resolved geometry and good agreement is observed.     

周界入侵探测系统集成中标准的使用

本文论述了周界入侵探测系统(PIDS)集成方面的问题,涉及PIDS场地网络的各种要素,实现标准化的好处,系统集成的不同模式等,探讨了未来有可能得到更多应用的PIDS集成标准。     

进出口煤炭环保评估体系的构建及实例分析

为有效化解煤炭贸易技术堡垒,科学评估进出口煤炭的环保性,以华北某电厂燃煤为例,探讨了进出口煤炭环保评估体系的构建方法.选取水、大气、土壤三大环境要素为评估对象,构建了系统层、指标层和指数层的3层指标体系,初步研究了各个系统层的评价分值的计算方法及其权重值的确定方法,并根据三大环境要素的总评价分值对煤炭环保等级进行了划分.实例计算结果表明,该电厂燃煤总评价分值为2.5,环保等级为V级,即煤炭对环境的有害影响非常大.     

Time trends and predictive factors for safety perceptions among incoming South Australian university students

Problem

Young workers are over-represented in injury statistics. In order to develop injury prevention strategies, this study investigated time trends and predictive factors relating to safety skills, confidence, and attitudes.

Method

Annual surveys were conducted from 2006-2009 among incoming students at the University of Adelaide. The questions addressed safety training, injury experience, and health and safety perceptions.

Results

Time trends in training, perceived safety skills, confidence, and attitudes were not significant. In terms of skills and confidence, the most important correlate was safety training outside of high school (odds ratio = 1.6), especially when repeated, assessed, or in face to face mode. Feeling strongly about safety issues was best predicted by injury experience (OR = 1.7) and gender.

Discussion

These results emphasize the value of assessed training, but they are also consistent with published U.S. data, indicating no improvement over time. It is suggested that there be a more integrated approach in safety education, involving schools and workplaces.

Impact on industry

By developing an understanding of student safety perceptions and experiences, this research aims to target strategies to reduce the excess injury rate for young workers. Workplaces should be more aware of the limitations of school-based safety education and a more integrated and evidence-based approach should be developed, involving schools and workplaces.     

Explosion pressure prediction via polynomial mathematical correlation based on advanced CFD Modelling

Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD can be used as a powerful tool supporting engineers throughout the steps of the design. The combination of CFD with response surface methodology can play an important role in such cases. During the conceptual engineering design phase, a quick response is always a matter of urgency. During this phase even a sketch of the geometrical model is rare. Therefore, the utilisation of typical response surface developed for congested and confined environment rather than CFD can be an important tool to help the decision making process, when the geometrical model is not available, provided that similarities can be considered when taking into account the characteristic of the geometry in which the response surface was developed. The present work investigates how three different types of response surfaces behave when predicting overpressure in accidental scenarios based on CFD input. First order, partial second order and complete second order polynomial expressions are investigated. The predicted results are compared with CFD findings for a classical offshore experiment conducted by British Gas on behalf of Mobil and good agreement is observed for higher order response surfaces. The higher order response surface calculations are also compared with CFD calculations for a typical offshore module and good agreement is also observed.     

中国西南部分地区地震灾害恢复力时空变化特征研究

从自然、社会和经济三个维度遴选了12个指标,构建地震灾害恢复力的综合评价指标体系,综合运用熵权法与模糊逻辑等方法,评价西南四省(四川、云南、贵州、重庆)的地震灾害恢复力,并分析其时空变化特征及主要影响因素.结果表明:2006-2016年,西南四省大部分地区地震灾害恢复力呈提升趋势,且恢复力水平总体随城市级别的增大而增大...