Using Geographical Information Systems to identify and target sites for creation and restoration of native woodlands: a case study of the Chiltern Hills, UK

Rare and threatened habitats in Europe must be restored and enhanced in accordance with the European Union's Habitats and Species Directive. In the United Kingdom, conservation and expansion objectives for species and habitats are outlined in the Species Action Plans and Habitat Action Plans. Site identification for these measures has to date been ad hoc without consideration of either the existing "stock" of the natural resource or the ability of the surrounding land use to deliver the enhancement (enlargement) of a given habitat. Using a Geographical Information System, we outline a targeting system for creating new woodland in association with existing ancient woodland in the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The aim was to create woodland blocks of at least 100 ha, as being of the most benefit to biodiversity. We identified existing patches of woodland between 20 and 50 ha as cores for habitat expansion and classified land use in terms of its suitability and proximity to these core areas for tree planting to meet the targets of the statutory body. Our results suggest that the targeting method employed is a useful tool for habitat restoration.     

家装对室内空气的影响及防治对策

随着经济的发展，室内装修已经成为人们改善生活条件，提高生活质量的一种时尚。室内环境在满足使用功能的同时，对人体健康是否有利，是否满足环保要求，已成为公众普遍关注的热点。本文阐述了室内主要污染物的来源及对人体健康的危害，并提出了减少室内装修污染的对策。     

A CASE STUDY OF SHALLOW FLOW PATHS IN A STEEP ZERO-ORDER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Soil water potentials, slope throughflow, runoff chemistry, and isotopic composition were monitored in a 97 m² zero-order basin within the Maimai 8 watershed on the South Island of New Zealand, for a natural rain storm and two artificial water applications. Contrary to results previously reported for other portions of the Maimai catchment, much of the runoff occurred as a shallow subsurface organic layer flow. For the 47 mm natural rain event, pre-storm soil matric potential ranged from ?60 to ?150 cm H₂O. No saturation was produced within the profile, and the majority of storm runoff emanated from flow within the organic horizon perched on the mineral soil surface. Hillslope applications corroborated this interpretation by showing >90 percent new water flushing with negligible mineral soil moisture response. Although the mechanisms cited in the text are not representative of the entire catchment, the study demonstrates: (1) the value of a combined physical-chemical-isotopic approach in quantifying slope processes, and (2) the heterogeneous nature and diversity of slope runoff pathways in a relatively homogeneous catchment.     

Large-scale v small-scale mining

The paper reviews available information on how scale and technological sophistication affect the extent to which mineral industries in developing countries aid in meeting those countries' development objectives. It also identifies criteria for determining if small-scale or labour-intensive operations are suitable to particular mining projects.     

Regulation of growth in Laminaria digitata: use of in-vivo nitrate reductase activities as an indicator of nitrogen limitation in field populations of Laminaria spp.

The seasonal variation in growth rate of a population of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour growing at Arbroath, Scotland was studied between August 1981 and September 1982, and was found to follow the biphasic annual cycle typical of this genus. Growth rates were maximum (0.3 cm cm^-1 mo^-1) in early June and minimum (0.05 cm cm^-1 mo^-1) between September and January. An analysis of the relationship between the seasonal changes in environmental factors (inorganic nitrogen concentrations, irradiance and temperature) with those of growth rate and the accumulation or mobilisation of cellular reserves of carbohydrates and nitrate, indicated that growth was nitrogen-limited between June and October and light-limited (with a possible co-involvement of temperature) for the remainder of the year. These conclusions were supported by the seasonal changes in the ratio of actual: potential in-vivo nitrate reductase activities in L. digitata, thus confirming the suitability of this technique for monitoring the occurrence of nitrogen limitation in Laminaria spp. The seasonal changes in blade nitrate reductase activities closely followed those of growth rate, with maximum activities [0.3 mol NO ₃ ^- reduced g^-1 (wet wt) h^-1] being present in late May and minimum levels [0.01 mol NO ₃ ^- reduced g^-1 (wet wt) h^-1] occurring between November and March. The correlation observed between nitrate reductase activities and growth rate is consistent with the ability of Laminaria spp. to store excess inorganic nitrogen, available during winter and early spring, as NO ₃ ^- , and with the requirement to conserve enzyme protein during the summer period of nitrogen limitation.     

变电站监控系统“告警直传、远程浏览”功能的设计

为了减少调控中心主站系统的日常运行维护工作量,全面直观、便捷地对变电站进行监控,利用变电站图形网关服务器的告警采集模块通过规约协议直接收取间隔层中的测控及保护装置数据,通过TCP与调控中心主站告警接收模块建立链接,实现实时数据、实时画面、实时功能的“全网共享”。 应用结果表明:“告警直传、远程浏览”功能可将优化后的监控数据和告警信息接入调度主站系统,实现调控信息分层、分类接入变电站调控信息交互规范,满足“调控一体化”建设要求。     

医疗垃圾焚烧底灰重金属特性

本文对医疗垃圾焚烧底灰的重金属含量、重金属形态及其渗沥率进行了研究.结果表明:底灰重金属渗沥浓度低于危险废物规定的阈值,但底灰中Zn和Pb的碳酸盐态(F2)含量较高,仍具有一定的潜在危险性;底灰中zn和Pb的可交换态(F1)主要分布在小颗粒中,Pb的碳酸盐态(F2)基本不随颗粒度变化;Pb的渗沥率随初始pH值的增加近似呈U形变化,先降低后升高.