Bryophyte responses to microclimatic edge effects across riparian buffers.

Although riparian buffers are an important aspect of forest management in the boreal forest of Canada, little is known about the habitat conditions within buffers, due in part to complex edge effects in response to both the upland clearcut and the stream. We investigated microclimatic conditions and bryophyte growth and vitality in seven locations between the stream edge and 60 m into the upland undisturbed conifer forests and at the clearcut sites with riparian buffer 30 km northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. We hypothesized that the growth and vitality of a pleurocarpous moss, Hylocomium splendens, and an acrocarpous moss, Polytrichum commune, would be directly related to the microclimatic gradients detected. We further hypothesized that sensitivity of the bryophytes to environmental factors will vary depending on their life form type, i.e., pleurocarpous moss will respond differently than the acrocarpous moss. Both bryophyte species were transplanted in pots and placed at 10-m intervals along 60-m transects perpendicular to the stream across the buffer and undisturbed sites. Bryophyte growth, cover, and vitality, as well as microclimatic parameters and plant cover, were measured over the summer in 2003. The riparian buffers were simultaneously affected by microclimatic gradients extending from both the clearcut edge and the riparian-upland ecotonal edge. Both bryophyte species responded to changes in the microclimatic conditions. However, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was the most important factor influencing the growth of H. splendens, whereas for P. commune growth soil moisture was most important. Our study confirms earlier findings that interior forest bryophytes such as H. splendens can be used as indicators to monitor edge effects and biodiversity recovery following forest harvesting. We demonstrate that growth and vitality of these bryophytes reflect the prevailing near-ground microclimatic conditions at the forest edges. Abundance estimates of such bryophytes can be used to determine the depth of edge effects across both ecotonal edges (e.g., riparian-upland forest edge) and anthropogenically created edges (e.g., clearcut edge). Forest management practices must consider depth of edge in determining the appropriate width of riparian buffers that would be necessary to sustain biodiversity and associated values at the land/water interface.     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation: A report of seven cases

Six cases of macrocystic and one case of microcystic congenital adenomatoid lung malformation were diagnosed by ultrasound between 20 and 31 weeks of gestation. Combined polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops was present in three cases, polyhydramnios alone in one case, and isolated fetal hydrops also in one case. In the remaining two cases, both polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops were absent. Fetal outcome was poor, i.e., two terminations of pregnancy, three early neonatal deaths, and two survivors.     

Early prenatal diagnosis of congenital hypophosphatasia: Case report

Congenital hypophosphatasia is an autosomal recessive disorder, which usually has a fatal outcome during the neonatal period. This report presents the prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia at 16 weeks of gestation. The characteristic ultrasonic findings in this abnormality demonstrate the superiority of ultrasound as compared with radiography.     

低频环境噪声对思维判断能力的干扰影响

选取了3种典型的城市居住区设备低频噪声实样和声学仪器产生的白噪声,使用剂量作业法,分别测定了播放噪声和无噪声干扰2种环境下,被试者的思维能力指数(AYP)和错误率.研究结果显示,在噪声干扰的条件下,多数被试者的AYP较无噪声干扰时有所下降,错误率上升,二者差异显著.多数被试人员在3种噪声实样对比组中的平均AYP和错误率变化较白噪声的对比组中较明显,其中AYP差异达显著水平.由此认为低频成份是影响思维能力的主要频率成份.配对t检验和对实录样本的频谱分析结果表明,室外空调机噪声样本的影响程度最大,表明峰值频率在50～300 Hz频率段的低频环境噪声比其他噪声负面影响更大.     

黄土高原地区1961—2000年间土壤水分变化模拟与分析

论文应用Vrsmarty水量平衡模型模拟黄土高原地区的土壤水分对全球气候变化的响应。该模型综合考虑了土壤、植被、高程、温度、太阳辐射、水汽压、风速和降雨等因子对土壤水分的影响。模型运行的结果表明,黄土高原地区土壤水分在1961—2000年期间是一种逐渐减小的变化趋势:该地区6月的平均土壤水分从1960s的42.3 mm降低到了1990s的38 mm;10月的土壤水平均值从1960s的93.9 mm降低到了1990s的56.7 mm,这种变化的原因是降雨量不断减少,年平均降水从1960s的443 mm降低到了1990s的406 mm,同时潜在蒸发量也在不断减少,月最大潜在蒸发量从1960s的190 mm降低到了1990s的142 mm。     

食物缺乏对方斑东风螺幼螺代谢的影响

通过室内模拟测定了方斑东风螺幼螺在禁食120 d中耗氧与氨氮排泄的连续变化.结果显示,随着饥饿时间延长,幼螺耗氧率呈指数式下降;排氨率先较快下降后有一定程度回升,实验结束时分别下降为对照的37.02%,75.32%.饥饿60 d前,氧氮比(O/N)较高(35.34～46.56),60～90 d有所下降(25.92～28...     

不同水文情景下白洋淀水体好氧反硝化菌群对水质因子的动态响应

为探究不同水文情景下白洋淀水体好氧反硝化菌群的演变规律和驱动机制,基于水质调查和高通量测序技术,进行了水体水质因子分析、好氧反硝化菌群α多样性分析、物种组成和网络分析.结果表明,白洋淀水体呈弱碱性,丰水期水体T最高,DO最低,冰封期T最低,DO最高.白洋淀水体在枯水期、丰水期、平水期和冰封期下NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃ ^--N、TN、高锰酸盐指数、Fe和Mn之间均存在显著差异（P < 0.01）,其中TP在不同水文情景下不存在显著差异（P > 0.05）.不同水文情景下水体中最大的细菌门类为Proteobacteria,相对丰度较高的属为Magnetospirillum、Aeromonas、Pseudomonas、Azospirillum和Bradyrhizobium.此外,好氧反硝化菌群的α多样性均存在显著差异（P < 0.001）,冰封期菌群丰富度最高,枯水期和冰封期菌群的多样性和均匀度最高.经RDA、Mantel分析,菌群的水质驱动因子在不同水文情景下有所差异,枯水期菌群的水质驱动因子为pH、NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和高锰酸盐指数,丰水期菌群的驱动因子为pH、T、DO、NO₂^--N和TP,平水期的驱动因子为NO₂^--N、Fe和高锰酸盐指数,冰封期菌群的驱动因子为NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N.网络分析表明与水质驱动因子相关的物种存在时间差异,枯水期与水质驱动因子相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Aeromonas和Azoarcus,与丰水期相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Pseudomonas和Aeromonas,与平水期相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Pseudomonas和Limnohabitans,与冰封期相关的属为Magnetospirillum、Azoarcus和Pseudomonas.不同水文情景关键水质因子（主要是T、DO、NO₃^--N和高锰酸盐指数）与好氧反硝化菌群之间的关联关系,随着时间演变也在逐渐发生变化.综上,通过对不同水文情景下白洋淀水体好氧反硝化菌群演变特征及环境因子驱动机制进行研究,可为认识天然环境中好氧反硝化菌群演变机制提供依据.     

臭氧/活性炭协同作用去除二级出水中DON

为探讨臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附对城市污水厂二级出水中溶解性有机氮(DON)的去除机制,首先测定二级出水DON、溶解性有机炭(DOC)、UV254、pH值等指标.接着通过臭氧氧化试验和活性炭吸附试验来考察二级出水中DON、DOC和UV254变化,以及DON分子量分布和DON亲疏水性变化,并应用三维荧光光谱对二级出水中DON变化进行表征.结果表明,当臭氧投加量为8mg/L,DON的去除率大约为33.9%,DOC和UV254去除率约21.2%、66.7%;当活性炭投加量为2.0g/L,DON、DOC和UV254的去除率大约为43.4%、27.6%、92.2%;臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附组合试验时,对DON的去除率大约为83.3%和81.5%;臭氧氧化提高小分子量( 20kDa)的DON所占比例;活性炭吸附降低小分子量( 20kDa)DON所占比例为;臭氧氧化和活性炭吸附都提高亲水性DON所占比例,而降低疏水性和过渡性DON所占比例;三维荧光光谱证实,二级出水中DON变化与3个主要峰有关,分别代表物质为色氨酸类蛋白质、芳香族类蛋白质和富里酸类物质.     

北京城区大气颗粒物中六价铬的污染特征及来源

为研究北京城区大气颗粒物中六价铬污染特征及来源,利用低流量采样器进行大气颗粒物采样,利用离子色谱分离、柱后衍生紫外的方法分析其中六价铬的浓度,优化了样品前处理方法.结果表明,采样期间北京城区大气颗粒物中六价铬浓度为200±86 pg·m-3,晴天六价铬浓度均值为273±84 pg·m-3;霾天其浓度均值为181±76 pg·m-3.统计分析表明,六价铬与NOx(r=0.394)在0.05水平上显著相关,六价铬与相对湿度(r=-0.534)在0.01水平上显著相关.后向轨迹簇分析表明,来自偏南方向的气团时,六价铬浓度为181.0±83.4 pg·m-3,而来自偏北方向气团时,六价铬浓度为226.5±83.1 pg·m-3.     

车库出入口坡道噪声影响因素及预测

选取城市居住区中典型地下车库,在优化其出入口噪声采样点布置和同步采样点分组基础上,通过对噪声样本的声学分析,研究了车库出入口坡道噪声与坡道结构、坡度、线形、上下坡等相关因素的关系.通过对平直混凝土路面车库出入口噪声影响预测值的修正,建立了车库出入口坡道噪声影响预测模式.