Why Won’t They Come? Stakeholder Perspectives on Collaborative National Forest Planning by Participation Level

Collaboration has taken root in national forest planning, providing expanded opportunities for stakeholder participation in decision-making, but are these processes considered meaningful by key stakeholders? Do the processes result in increased participation by key stakeholders? We present results of a study of stakeholder perspectives of a collaborative planning process on the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre, and Gunnison National Forests in Western Colorado, U.S.A. The stakeholders were stratified by participation levels in order to explore a possible relationship between participation and perceptions of the collaborative process. We used a Q-methodology approach to compare and contrast perspectives across participant levels in the North Fork Valley Landscape Working Group process. The results demonstrate four distinct perspectives on the collaborative process: 1) The collaborative process is valued by the Forest Service and will directly influence planning decisions; 2) The Forest Service, the collaborative process, and other stakeholders are not to be trusted; 3) The collaborative process is most effective when emphasizing place-specific dialogue that primarily involves stakeholders educating the Forest Service about issues; and 4) Forest planning involves issues requiring the application of scientific knowledge and expertise rather than collaboration. These perspectives were not strongly associated with participation levels, with time constraint being the primary mediating factor affecting participation. There are several possible actions policymakers and planners can take to enhance participation and overcome high rates of nonparticipation.     

再生聚丙烯的洁净化和高质化应用

聚丙烯以其优异的机械性能、高的性价比和多重改性方式成为重要的通用树脂之一,这些产品废弃后产生了种类繁多和数量巨大的再生聚丙烯.通过将再生聚丙烯根据性能和来源进行分类,然后分类阐述各再生聚丙烯物料特点,结合再生聚丙烯改性方式,为高质化应用提出方向.     

氯化消毒过程对抗生素的降解行为及其毒性效应的影响研究进展

抗生素的大量使用导致其通过各种途径进入到污水处理厂、地表水甚至饮用水源水中.在污水处理厂二级出水排放之前以及自来水的生产和供应过程中,都必须进行氯化消毒处理以杀灭病原微生物.在此过程中,抗生素一方面可能被氯化降解,另一方面也可能转化成毒性更高的降解产物.因此,了解抗生素在氯化消毒过程中的降解行为对于明确其生态和健康风险...     

河流水质自动监测站选址适宜性评价

为建立和量化适于河流水质自动监测站选址的评价方法体系,提出了河流水质自动监测站选址一致性、可行性和适宜性评价问题,并建立了选址可行性和适宜性评价2套指标体系。以自动站选址与手工断面位置不一致为前提,利用累乘指数判断选址可行性,在可行的基础上利用模糊综合评价进一步分析选址的适宜性。应用案例显示,罗汉大桥断面水质自动站选址于手工断面下游150 m处是可行的,并且此选址高度适宜,在具有水质代表性的同时兼顾成本和运维管理需求。     

气相色谱法测定水质中的内吸磷

优化了气相色谱法测定水质中的内吸磷,当取样量为100 m L时,内吸磷-O方法检出限为0. 30μg/L,测定下限为1. 20μg/L;内吸磷-S方法检出限为0. 80μg/L,测定下限为3. 20μg/L。内吸磷-O和内吸磷-S标准曲线线性良好,相关系数分别为0. 999 2和0. 999 8。不同水质中内吸磷-O的加标回收率为90. 3%～104%,相对标准偏差为3. 6%～9. 2%;内吸磷-S的加标回收率为92. 1%～94. 9%,相对标准偏差为4. 6%～8. 7%。该方法灵敏度高,能有效分离内吸磷-O和内吸磷-S,同时能将内吸磷-O、内吸磷-S与其他有机磷农药类干扰物分离。     

丹江流域水沙变化特征分析

丹江流域是南水北调中线工程重要水源地,近年来受多种因素影响,径流泥沙情况发生了很大变化,准确把握其变化趋势对水资源管理及水土保持工作意义重大。该文基于荆紫关水文站1958～2015年径流和悬移质输沙量资料,运用Mann-Kendall 检验法、距平累积法、滑动t检验法以及双累积曲线法,阐明了丹江流域近60年径流量和悬移质输沙量变化特征,定量分析了各影响因素在径流泥沙变化中的作用。结果表明：丹江流域径流量与悬移质输沙量年际变化大,呈显著下降趋势,1958～1972、1982～1989年为丰水丰沙期,1972～1981年与1990～2015年处于枯水枯沙期,径流量和悬移质输沙量分别在1983年与1989年发生突变。人为因素和降水的贡献率分别为58.8%和41.2%,说明人为因素特别是水利水土保持工程是引起丹江流域输沙变化的主要因素。     

Association of exposure to multiple metals with papillary thyroid cancer risk in China

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has inflicted huge threats to the health of mankind. Metal pollution could be a potential risk factor of PTC occurrence, but existing relevant epidemiological researches are limited. The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the relationships between exposure to multiple metals and the risk of PTC. A total of 262 histologically confirmed PTC cases were recruited. Age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled at the same time. Urine samples were used as biomarkers to reflect the levels of environmental exposure to 13 metals. Conditional logistic regression models were adopted to assess the potential association. Single-metal and multi-metal models were separately conducted to evaluate the impacts of single and co-exposure to 13 metals. The increased concentration of urinary Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb quartiles was found significant correlated with PTC risk. We also found the decreased trends of urinary Se, Zn, and Mn quartiles with the ORs for PTC. These dose-response associations between Pb and PTC were observed in the single-metal model and remained significant in the multi-metal model (OR_25-50th=1.39, OR_50-75th=3.32, OR_>75th=7.62, p for trend <0.001). Our study suggested that PTC was positively associated with urinary levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and inversely associated with Se, Zn, and Mn. Targeted public health policies should be made to improve the environment and the recognition of potential risk factors. These findings need additional studies to confirm in other population.

     

山东省主要河流中抗生素污染组成及空间分布特征

采用固相萃取-液相色谱/串联质谱法研究了山东省境内四大流域主要河流中抗生素污染组成及空间分布特征,涉及我国用量最大的6类共20种抗生素。结果表明:20种抗生素均有检出,且大环内酯类、喹诺酮类和四环素类抗生素整体检出浓度较高。就流域而言,半岛诸河流域抗生素污染较小,平均总质量浓度61.4 ng/L;海河流域、小清河流域和淮河流域相对较为严重,平均总质量浓度分别为232、175、118 ng/L。抗生素空间分布呈现一定的规律,检出浓度较高的点位主要集中在人口密集区下游,抗生素污染与周边生活污水、养殖企业废水和城市污水处理厂排水密切相关,而且抗生素组成可从一定程度上反映出污染来源。     

中国各省区工业用水效率影响因素的空间分异

工业用水效率是影响工业用水的直接因素,剖析其影响因素并找出空间分布规律是提高中国工业用水效率的关键。通过选取Super-SBM模型,引入非期望产出指标来测算中国31省2007～2016年的工业用水效率,并从多方面综合分析工业用水效率影响因素的空间动态演变状况,以求研究结果为制定有差异的区域集约型水资源管理政策提供依据。结果发现:(1)我国多数省份的工业用水处于无效率状态,同时高效率中心由东向西转移;(2)不同影响因素对工业用水效率的影响关系不同。水资源总量、地区生产总值、工业用水占比、RD投入占比的增多对工业用水效率有负向影响,工业用水效率会降低;而地区常住人口、城镇化率和人均教育支出的增多对工业用水效率有正向影响,促进工业用水效率提升。(3)不同影响因素对中国工业用水效率的影响程度存在空间差异。城镇化率、RD投入占比和人均教育支出对工业用水效率带来的影响作用在空间上相对集中,影响高值区主要落在中部和西部地区,低值区主要在东部沿海;而水资源总量、地区生产总值、工业用水占比和地区常住人口的影响在空间上呈现一种演变的状态,随时间发展影响高值区和低值区都发生了中心转移。     

安徽省镇域经济发展水平的时空分异及空间格局影响因素

基于1 244个镇域研究单元的人均财政收入数据,采用多种空间方法分析安徽省镇域经济发展水平的时空差异特征,并运用地理加权回归（GWR）进行影响因素分析。结论如下：（1）从不平衡度指数看,该值在研究时序变化上先升后降,表明近期研究区内部差异程度有所减小;空间序列上南北差异较大,黄山、宣城等市内部差异较小,阜阳、亳州等市内部差异较大。（2）从Zip指数来看,虽然经济发展水平集中的力量逐渐减弱,但实力强劲乡镇的发展速度依然较快且其垄断性较强。（3）从空间分异格局看,高值区主要有两大组团,一处在皖南区集聚且逐渐向北扩展,但2016年有所缩减;另一处则贯穿南北形成条带状“串珠”,呈现先逐渐扩大后几乎消失的变化特征。中值区呈基底状分布在皖中区域。低值区分布在西北和东北,其中西北区逐渐向南扩大,东北区逐渐减小。（4）从空间集聚状态看,4种显著类型区均存在且以显著HH区和显著LL区为主。显著HH区在黄山市周围集聚,并逐渐向池州、宣城扩展;显著LL区在阜阳、亳州等市集聚,并逐渐向南延伸;显著HL区和显著LH区数量较少且集聚现象不明显。（5）从影响因素来看,基于回归系数的平均值对经济发展水平的影响从大到小依次为建成区人口/总人口>常住人口>从业人员>二三产业从业人员/从业人员>行政面积>建成区面积/总面积>工业增加值>人均工业产值>地均工业产值。