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101.
Juan Zhao Zhe Wang Ting Wu Xinming Wang Wanhong Dai Yujie Zhang Ran Wang Yonggan Zhang Chengfei Shi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(7):257-269
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions from agricultural soil amended with wheat straw and their associations with bacterial communities for a period of 66 days under non-flooded and flooded conditions. The results indicated that ethene, propene, ethanol, i-propanol, 2-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetone,2-butanone, 2-pentanone and acetophenone were the 10 most abundant VOCs, making up over 90% of the total VOCs released under the two water conditions. The mean emission of total VOCs from the amended soils under the non-flooded condition(5924 ng C/(kg·hr)) was significantly higher than that under the flooded condition(2211 ng C/(kg·hr)). One "peak emission window" appeared at days 0–44 or 4–44, and over 95% of the VOC emissions occurred during the first month under the two water conditions. Bacterial community analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) showed that a relative increase of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and γ-Proteobacteria but a relative decrease of Acidobacteria with time were observed after straw amendments under the two water conditions. Cluster analysis revealed that the soil bacterial communities changed greatly with incubation time, which was in line with the variation of the VOC emissions over the experimental period. Most of the above top 10 VOCs correlated positively with the predominant bacterial species of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia but correlated negatively with the dominant bacterial species of Actinobacteria under the two water conditions. These results suggested that bacterial communities might play an important role in VOC emissions from straw-amended agricultural soils. 相似文献
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As an important intermediate product, short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) can be generated after hydrolysis and acidification from waste activated sludge, and then can be transformed to methane during anaerobic digestion process. In order to obtain more SCFA and methane,most studies in literatures were centered on enhancing the hydrolysis of sludge anaerobic digestion which was proved as un-efficient. Though the alkaline pretreatment in our previous study increased both the hydrolysis and acidification processes, it had a vast chemical cost which was considered uneconomical. In this paper, a low energy consumption pretreatment method, i.e. enhanced the whole three stages of the anaerobic fermentation processes at the same time, was reported, by which hydrolysis and acidification were both enhanced, and the SCFA and methane generation can be significantly improved with a small quantity of chemical input. Firstly, the effect of different pretreated temperatures and pretreatment time on sludge hydrolyzation was compared. It was found that sludge pretreated at 100°C for 60 min can achieve the maximal hydrolyzation. Further, effects of different initial p Hs on acidification of the thermal pretreated sludge were investigated and the highest SCFA was observed at initial p H 9.0with fermentation time of 6 d, the production of which was 348.63 mg COD/g VSS(6.8 times higher than the blank test) and the acetic acid was dominant acid. Then, the mechanisms for this new pretreatment significantly improving SCFA production were discussed. Finally,the effect of this low energy consumption pretreatment on methane generation was investigated. 相似文献
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氯化三丁基锡(TBTCL)对小鼠外周血T-淋巴细胞与脾指数的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从免疫毒理学角度研究氯化三丁基锡(TBTCL)对小鼠免疫系统影响。进行了0.01~0.20μg/kgTBTCL腹腔注射对小鼠外周血T-淋巴细胞与脾指数影响的实验,采用外周血液淋巴细胞酸性α-醋酸奈酯酶(ANAE)检测法,并观察小鼠体重和脾重变化情况。结果表明,0.01~0.10μg/kgTBTCL增加T-淋巴细胞数、体重和脾重;脾指数也有一定程度的提高。在0.13~0.20μg/kgTBTCL作用5d,各指标则呈现不同程度的下降趋势,说明不同剂量TBTCL对免疫系统有促进或抑制作用。实验对临床免疫病症提供了创造新的诊断方法的可能性,但是TBTCL对免疫增加或抑制作用的分子机理有待于深入研究。 相似文献