织物及服装防热辐射性能的测试

为评价织物及服装的防热辐射性能,在我们实验室和现场进行了测试。采用黑体比较法测量的织物发射率和参照国际标准ISO—6942进行的热辐射阻挡实验分析评价了一般织物、金属布和所谓“太空棉”服装的防热辐射性能。对金属布工作服和遮阳伞的透过热流和环境空气温度及辐射热强度的现场测试,可以直接分析防热辐射效果,也与工作人员的感觉相吻合。合理测试评价方法的建立,可以促进这类材料和服装的研究与推广。建议有关部门尽快制定标准。     

四川石油天然气工业环境统计体系现状分析及改进对策

针对四川石油天然气工业环境统计中存在的非稳定污染源监测数据的统计价值不高，统计调查方法单一，个别统计指标计算未使用国家统一标准等现状，从环境监测站改组入手，改革统计调查方法，建立以必要的周期性普查为基础，以经常性的抽样调查为主体，同时辅之以全面统计报表，重点调查和科学推算综合运用的统计调查方法体系。     

钻井液化学剂可生物降解性评定方法

介绍研究钻井液化学剂生物降解性的必要性及开发可生物降解钻井液的进展。阐述了常用的评定有机物生物降解性的试验方法。推荐采用BOD_5／COD_Cr比值来评定我国石油行业钻井液化学剂及油田化学剂的可生物降解性，规范石油行业生物降解研究工作，保证评定结果的可靠性和可比性。     

钻井液化学剂可生物降解性研究

实验测定了16种钻井液化学剂的BOD_5和COD_cr，并计算其BOD_5／COD_cr比值。提出了以BOD_5／COD_cr的比值划分钻井液化学剂可生物降解性的分级标准，并对16种钻井液化学剂的可生物降解性进行分级，为其应用提供依据。     

头盔式面罩和头带式面罩主要性能的比较研究

头盔式面罩和头带式面罩性能的比较：头盔式面罩具有佩戴容易、气密性好。工艺简单，但舒适性差，视野不如头带式面罩好等特点；头带式面罩具有舒适性好，视野宽阔，但工艺较复杂，佩戴不易气密等特点。     

Full-scale blending treatment of fresh MSWI leachate with municipal wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant

Fresh leachate, generated in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants, contains various pollutants with extremely high strength organics, which usually requires expensive and complex treatment processes. This study investigated the feasibility of blending treatment of MSWI leachate with municipal wastewater. Fresh MSWI leachate was pretreated by coagulation–flocculation with FeCl₃ 2 g/L and CaO 25 g/L, plate-and-frame filter press, followed by ammonia stripping at pH above 12. After that, blending treatment was carried out in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for approximately 3 months. Different operational modes consisting of different pretreated leachate and methanol addition levels were tested, and their performances were evaluated. Results showed that throughout the experimental period, monitored parameters in the WWTP effluent, including COD (<60 mg/L), BOD₅ (<20 mg/L), ammonium (<8 mg/L), phosphorus (<1.5 mg/L) and heavy metals, generally complied with the Chinese sewage discharged standard. Under the experimental conditions, a certain amount of methanol was needed to fulfill TN removal. An estimation of the operation cost revealed that the expenditure of blending treatment was much lower than the total costs of respective treatment of MSWI leachate and municipal wastewater. The outcomes indicated that blending treatment could not only improve the treatability of the MSWI leachate, but also reduce the treatment cost of the two different wastewaters.     

Geochemistry of heavy metal-contaminated sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting lake,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the...     

Exploring soil erosion trajectories and their divergent responses to driving factors: a model-based contrasting study in highly eroded mountain areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil erosion threatens environmental sustainability worldwide. Exploring the trajectories of soil erosion and associated drivers is of great...     

Dietary exposure to di-isobutyl phthalate increases urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine level and affects reproductive function in adult male mice

Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC, a product of methylated DNA). In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP)/(kg·day) via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate(Mi BP, the urinary metabolite) and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5hmdC) were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme(P450scc) gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates.     

关中地区城市空气质量特征及影响因素分析

本文对陕西省关中地区33个城市环境空气质量自动监测站点2015年全年的监测数据进行统计和研究,讨论了关中城市空气质量特征和主要影响因素。结果表明,关中地区城市间空气质量具有密切的相关性和整体性,影响关中城市群全年空气质量最主要的污染因子是可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5),首要污染物呈现出显著的季节变化规律。人类活动、气象因素以及地形特征是造成关中地区空气质量现状的主要原因。