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51.
Christy L. Hoffman Angelina V. Ruiz-Lambides Edgar Davila Elizabeth Maldonado Melissa S. Gerald Dario Maestripieri 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(11):1711-1718
In sexually promiscuous mammals, female reproductive effort is mainly expressed through gestation, lactation, and maternal
care, whereas male reproductive effort is mainly manifested as mating effort. In this study, we investigated whether reproduction
has significant survival costs for a seasonally breeding, sexually promiscuous species, the rhesus macaque, and whether these
costs occur at different times of the year for females and males, namely in the birth and the mating season, respectively.
The study was conducted with the rhesus macaque population on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. Data on 7,402 births and 922 deaths
over a 45-year period were analyzed. Births were concentrated between November and April, while conceptions occurred between
May and October. As predicted, female mortality probability peaked in the birth season whereas male mortality probability
peaked in the mating season. Furthermore, as the onset of the birth season gradually shifted over the years in relation to
climatic changes, there was a concomitant shift in the seasonal peaks of male and female mortality. Taken together, our findings
provide the first evidence of sex differences in the survival costs of reproduction in nonhuman primates and suggest that
reproduction has significant fitness costs even in environments with abundant food and absence of predation. 相似文献
52.
James P. Higham Dana Pfefferle Michael Heistermann Dario Maestripieri Martin Stevens 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(9):1457-1469
The past decade has seen an increasing shift in animal communication towards more studies that incorporate aspects of signaling in multiple modalities. Although nonhuman primates are an excellent group for studying the extent to which different aspects of condition may be signaled in different modalities, and how such information may be integrated during mate choice, very few studies of primate species have incorporated such analyses. Here, we present data from free-ranging male rhesus macaques on sex skin coloration (modeled to receiver perception), bark vocal signals, androgen levels, morphometric variables, dominance status, and female mate choice. We show that, consistent with data on females, most intra- and interindividual variation in sex skin appearance occurs in luminance rather than color. Sex skin luminance was significantly correlated across different skin regions. Sex skin luminance did not correlate with the majority of bark parameters, suggesting the potential for the two signals to convey different information. Sex skin appearance was not related to androgen levels although we found some evidence for links between androgen levels and bark parameters, several of which were also related to morphometric variables. We found no evidence that either signal was related to male dominance rank or used in female mate choice, though more direct measures of female proceptive behavior are needed. Overall, the function of male sex skin coloration in this species remains unclear. Our study is among the first nonhuman primate studies to incorporate measurements of multiple signals in multiple modalities, and we encourage other authors to incorporate such analyses into their work. 相似文献
53.
Dario Di Giuseppe Gianluca Bianchini Livia Vittori Antisari Annalisa Martucci Claudio Natali Luigi Beccaluva 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2925-2940
This geochemical study is focused on the easternmost part of the Po River alluvial plain in Northern Italy, which is interested by widespread agricultural activities, investigating a reclaimed sector of the Province of Ferrara, known as “Valle del Mezzano” (Mezzano Low Land, hereafter reported as MLL) characterized by peat-rich soils. The chemical–mineralogical characterization of these reclaimed soils is important to compare the local geochemical backgrounds with those recorded in other sectors of the River Po plain and to monitor if the observed concentration exceeds critical thresholds. The reported analyses include (a) measurement of the soil salinity, (b) nutrient evaluation, (c) major and trace element concentrations carried out on bulk soils, (d) tests of metal extraction with both aqua regia and EDTA to highlight the distinct elemental mobility and (e) phyto-toxicological measurement of heavy metal concentrations in plants (Lactuca sativa acephala) grown on the studied soils. The results indicate (1) high soil salinity, often with drastic increase of sodium and chloride along the soil profiles, (2) high nitrogen content (in part related to anthropogenic activities) on superficial horizons and nitrate decrease along the soil profiles and (3) comparative enrichments in heavy metals with respect to other soils of the province, which indicate that peat deposits are effective in trapping metals from anthropogenic sources. This, in turn, implies potential geochemical risks for the agricultural activities. In this regard, specific concerns are related to the high nickel and arsenic content of MLL soils due to the mobility of these elements and their attitude to be taken up by plants. 相似文献
54.
Rufino Francesco Busico Gianluigi Cuoco Emilio Muscariello Lidia Calabrese Sergio Tedesco Dario 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2083-2099
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - An integrated approach using chemical and microbial indicators has been tested in two different sites of the Campania Plain (Southern Italy) with different... 相似文献
55.
Tommaso Chiti Giacomo Certini Lucia Perugini Giovanni Mastrolonardo Dario Papale Riccardo Valentini 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):371-376
The purpose of the present work is to asses the possibility of detecting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) at the end of
the 5-years of the first Commitment Period (CP) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nation’s Framework Convention on Climate
Change (1 January, 2008–31 December, 2012), by both direct measurement and the use of an opportunely evaluated SOC model,
CENTURY. The investigated soil is young, developed since 28 years on virtually C-free spoil banks and under the influence
of two managed forest stands, one a mix of English oak (Quercus robur L.) and Italian alder (Alnus cordata Loisel.) and the other pure English oak. The SOC stock of either stand was monitored since the time the stands were planted
in 1981, and it was used together with other parameters for the model evaluation, while the future projections for the end
of the first (2012) and second (2017) CP were made according to two extreme IPCC climatic scenarios: A1F1, the most dramatic,
and B2, among the less impacting. Direct SOC measurements performed at the beginning and at the end of a time frame equivalent
to a commitment period (2004–2008) had not shown significant variations in either stands. Compared to the 2008 SOC stock,
in both stands the model shows variations at the end of the first CP from 0.7 to 1.8 Mg C ha−1 for the A1F1 scenario and from 0.3 to 1.7 Mg C ha−1 for the B2. These variations are within the standard deviations of the C stocks measured in 2008. On the contrary, at the
end of the second CP, the modelled SOC increments range from 2.5 to 3.6 Mg C ha−1 (A1F1) or from 1.9 to 3.4 Mg C ha−1 (B2), indicating the possibility to detect the SOC changes by direct measurement, since the values well agree with the minimum
detectable variation estimated for both sites in 3.3–4.5 Mg C ha−1. This work shows that SOC stock changes measured directly in the field can be minimal at the end of both CPs, and that CENTURY
well simulates the SOC dynamics of the stands. The use of such a model, validated at long-term experimental sites, hence represents
an effective tool for estimating future changes in SOC amounts in support of direct measurements when a short period of time,
such as the CP, is considered. 相似文献
56.
Dario A. Levaggi Milton Feldstein 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):312-313
Formaldehyde, acrolein, and low molecular weight aldehydes are collected in 1% NaHSO3 solution in Greenberg-Smith or midget impingers from industrial effluents. Efficiency of collection is excellent when two impingers are used in series. Formaldehyde is measured in an aliquot of the collection medium by the chromo-tropic acid procedure, acrolein by a modified mercuric-chloride-hexylresorcinol procedure, and C2-C5 aldehydes by a gas chromatographic procedure. The method permits the analysis of all C1-C5 aldehydes on a single collection sample. Data on aldehyde concentrations from a variety of effluents are presented. 相似文献
57.
Alessandro F. Gualtieri Dario Mangano Magdalena Lassinantti Gualtieri Anna Ricchi Elisabetta Foresti Giorgio Lesci Norberto Roveri Mauro Mariotti Giovanni Pecchini 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3540-3552
This paper presents the results of an intensive monitoring activity of the particulate, fall-out and soil of selected living areas in Italy with the aim to detect the asbestos concentration in air and subsequent risk of exposure for the population in ambient living environments, and to assess the nature of the other mineral phases composing the particulate matrix. Some areas were sorted out because of the presence of asbestos containing materials on site whereas others were used as blank spots in the attempt to detect the background environmental concentration of asbestos in air. Because the concentration of asbestos in ambient environments is presumably very low, and it is well known that conventional low–medium flow sampling systems with filters of small diameter (25 mm) may collect only a very small fraction of particulate over a short period, for the first time here, an intense monitoring activity was conducted with a high flow sampling system. The high flow system requires the use of large cellulose filters with the advantage that, increasing the amount of collected dust, the probability to collect asbestos fibers increases. Both the protocol of monitoring and analysis are novel and prompted by the need to increase the sensitivity towards the small number of expected fibers. With this goal, the collection of fall-out samples (the particulate falling into a collector filled with distilled water during the monitoring shift) and soil samples was also accomplished. The analytical protocol of the matrix particulate included preliminary X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy and quantitative electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Correlations with climatic trends and PM10 concentration data were also attempted.The surprising outcome of this work is that, despite the nature of the investigated site, the amount of dispersed asbestos fibers is very low and invariably lower than the theoretical method detection limits of the SEM and TEM techniques for identification and counting of asbestos fibers. The results are compared to the literature data worldwide and an updated model for asbestos fibers dispersion in ambient environments is proposed. 相似文献
58.
Zanichelli D Carloni F Hasanaji E D'Andrea N Filippini A Setti L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):5-6
Background, Aim and Scope
Agricultural industrial wastes can frequently be used as raw materials in the production of bio-fuels. Olive-oil milling wastewater
is considered as one of the most polluting agro-industrial residues, but fortunately due to its high content of organic matter,
it has the potential to be a valuable starting material to obtain bio-ethanol via fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The fermentation of olive-oil milling wastewater has been demonstrated with good yield of ethanol (8-12%v/v) once the level
of reducing sugars is appropriate and the phenolic fraction, which inhibits the yeast, is removed.
Materials and Methods:
-
Results:
-
Discussion:
-
Conclusions:
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Recommendations and Perspectives:
- 相似文献
59.
Sacchi Elisa Cuoco Emilio Oster Harald Paolucci Vittorio Tedesco Dario Viaroli Stefano 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1-28
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Riardo basin hosts groundwater exploited for the production of high quality, naturally sparkling, bottled water (e.g., Ferrarelle water), and circulating... 相似文献
60.