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61.
Peters S Vermeulen R Portengen L Olsson A Kendzia B Vincent R Savary B Lavoué J Cavallo D Cattaneo A Mirabelli D Plato N Fevotte J Pesch B Brüning T Straif K Kromhout H 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(11):3262-3268
We describe an empirical model for exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) to create a quantitative job-exposure matrix (JEM) for community-based studies. Personal measurements of exposure to RCS from Europe and Canada were obtained for exposure modelling. A mixed-effects model was elaborated, with region/country and job titles as random effect terms. The fixed effect terms included year of measurement, measurement strategy (representative or worst-case), sampling duration (minutes) and a priori exposure intensity rating for each job from an independently developed JEM (none, low, high). 23,640 personal RCS exposure measurements, covering a time period from 1976 to 2009, were available for modelling. The model indicated an overall downward time trend in RCS exposure levels of -6% per year. Exposure levels were higher in the UK and Canada, and lower in Northern Europe and Germany. Worst-case sampling was associated with higher reported exposure levels and an increase in sampling duration was associated with lower reported exposure levels. Highest predicted RCS exposure levels in the reference year (1998) were for chimney bricklayers (geometric mean 0.11 mg m(-3)), monument carvers and other stone cutters and carvers (0.10 mg m(-3)). The resulting model enables us to predict time-, job-, and region/country-specific exposure levels of RCS. These predictions will be used in the SYNERGY study, an ongoing pooled multinational community-based case-control study on lung cancer. 相似文献
62.
Rufino Francesco Cuoco Emilio Busico Gianluigi Caliro Stefano Maletic Erica L. Avino Rosario Darrah Thomas H. Tedesco Dario 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46614-46626
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Italian Apennines are among the most important sources of freshwater for several Italian regions. With evidences of deep CO2-rich fluids intruding... 相似文献
63.
64.
Tomazelli AC Martinelli LA Krug FJ Santos D Ruffini I de Camargo PB Horvat M 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(2):478-486
The aim of this work was to investigate mercury (Hg) levels in six meso-scale watersheds (Upper Paranapanema, Aguapeí, Peixe, S?o José dos Dourados, Mogi-Gua?u, and Piracicaba) of the S?o Paulo state to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of Hg contamination in Brazil. Water, sediment, bivalves, and fish samples were collected during 2001 at 11 sites. Fish were also collected in the Jurumirim and Salto Grande Reservoirs which are 39 and 52 yr old since impoundment, respectively. Results showed that Hg concentrations were low in almost all samples, except fish from Jurumirim Reservoir (total mercury [T-Hg] = 1.14 +/- 0.55 mg kg(-1) wet wt.). In spite of industrialization and high population, the results showed that there was no important source of Hg contamination in the investigated areas. The higher concentrations found in fish from Jurumirim seem to be the result of processes that favor Hg mobilization and methylation as a consequence of the impoundment of the reservoir area. The same levels were not observed in the Salto Grande Reservoir, probably because these are no longer significant due to the long time since the impoundment. To understand the dynamics of methylmercury (MeHg) production and its accumulation in fish, further studies are needed in the Jurumirim Reservoir. The results show that even at low T-Hg concentrations in sediment and water, concentrations in fish can reach values that pose concerns for consumption. This emphasizes the importance of designing an optimized biomonitoring program that can provide warning of biogeochemical conditions that promote formation of MeHg. 相似文献
65.
Gauri R. Pradhan Antje Engelhardt Carel P. van Schaik Dario Maestripieri 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(3):333-343
Female copulation calls are mating-associated vocalizations that occur in some species of Old World monkeys and apes. We argue
that copulation calls have two immediate functions: to encourage mating attempts by other males and to increase mate guarding
by the consort male. We hypothesize that female copulation calls have evolved under the selective pressures of risk of infanticide
and sperm competition. When male mate guarding is effective, copulation calls allow females to concentrate paternity in dominant
males and benefit from their protection against the risk of infanticide. When mate guarding is ineffective, copulation calls
may bring genetic benefits to females through facilitation of sperm competition. We present a quantitative model in which
interspecific variation in females' promiscuity predicts their tendency to use copulation calls in conjunction with mating.
The model predicts that in species with little female promiscuity, copulation calls should be rare and exhibited only in association
with mating with dominant males. In species in which females are highly promiscuous, copulation calls should be frequent and
unrelated to male dominance rank. The limited data available to test the model support its main predictions as well as the
predicted relation between copulation calls and male dominance rank.
相似文献
Dario MaestripieriEmail: |
66.
Effects of atmospheric pollution on lichen biodiversity (LB) in a Mediterranean region (Liguria, northwest Italy) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effects of air pollution on lichen biodiversity (LB) were monitored in Liguria (northwest Italy). A systematic sampling strategy was adopted in order to avoid the influence of spatial autocorrelation on the results. An eight LB class scale permitted to point out the levels of naturality/alteration in the region. The comparison of these results with the ones obtained by mean of physico-chemical methodologies shows a good accordance. The results of this study suggest the possibility of designing an integrated monitoring network, in which biological monitoring will allow to estimate the level of alteration in remote areas, which account for most of this region and which are currently not covered by measurements with automatic systems. 相似文献
67.
Hydrocarbon and pesticide pollution in coastal ecosystems can disturb marine bivalve metabolism. In this study, we characterised four full-length cDNA sequences encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. A BLAST X search showed that these four sequences encode GSTs from four different classes: GST pi, sigma, mu and omega. A phylogenetic analysis of GST was made to determine the position of oyster GST compared to invertebrate and vertebrate sequences. We developed a semi-quantitative, multiplex RT-PCR to follow the expression of these four GSTs in tissues of oysters exposed to hydrocarbons and two pesticide treatments (glyphosate and a mixture composed of atrazine, diuron and isoproturon) under experimental conditions. Our results showed strong differential expression of these four GSTs that was both tissue specific as well as time and treatment dependent. We observed that expression levels were higher in digestive gland than in gill tissues in pesticide-exposed oysters. Furthermore, omega and mu class GST mRNA expression in the digestive gland might be useful as a possible marker of hydrocarbon exposure, while pi and sigma class GST mRNA expression in the digestive gland may be similarly useful as a marker of pesticide exposure in monitoring programmes.Communicated by S.A. Poulet, Roscoff 相似文献
68.
Francesco Paladini de Mendoza Simone Bonamano Giuseppe Stella Monica Giovacchini Dario Capizzi Fulvio Fraticelli Sergio Muratore Calogero Burgio Sergio Scanu Maximo A. Peviani Marco Marcelli 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2016,20(1):13-29
The present work proposes a siting process for the detection of a suitable site for wave energy exploitation. The choice of a suitable site is based on the good agreement between energy availability, environmental sustainability, and equipped facilities to exploit wave energy. The case study in the northern Latium coast is explicative because in this area there are several activities that affect marine ecosystems, and the introduction of renewable energies promote the reduction of anthropic pressures. The nearshore wave power is studied through the numerical wave model (CMS-Wave), and available wave buoys along the coast were used to compare numerical results. In correspondence with Civitavecchia harbour, the largest nearshore wave energy was found; the large depth in front of the breakwater allows to conserve a great part of offshore wave power, with an average dissipation rate of 10 % less than offshore, with mean annual available wave energy of 25.4 MWh/m and seasonal fluctuation of 5.4 MWh/m. This area appears to be an optimal site for nearshore and shoreline wave energy device tests and installations, for energy availability (intermediate level respect Mediterreanean Sea), low potential environmental impact, easier accessibility, and policy oriented towards a larger sustainability of harbour activities. 相似文献
69.
Danesh Tarapore Dario Floreano Laurent Keller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(4):675-684
Division of labour is one of the most prominent features of social insects. The efficient allocation of individuals to different
tasks requires dynamic adjustment in response to environmental perturbations. Theoretical models suggest that the colony-level
flexibility in responding to external changes and internal perturbation may depend on the within-colony genetic diversity,
which is affected by the number of breeding individuals. However, these models have not considered the genetic architecture
underlying the propensity of workers to perform the various tasks. Here, we investigated how both within-colony genetic variability
(stemming from variation in the number of matings by queens) and the number of genes influencing the stimulus (threshold)
for a given task at which workers begin to perform that task jointly influence task allocation efficiency. We used a numerical
agent-based model to investigate the situation where workers had to perform either a regulatory task or a foraging task. One
hundred generations of artificial selection in populations consisting of 500 colonies revealed that an increased number of
matings always improved colony performance, whatever the number of loci encoding the thresholds of the regulatory and foraging
tasks. However, the beneficial effect of additional matings was particularly important when the genetic architecture of queens
comprised one or a few genes for the foraging task’s threshold. By contrast, a higher number of genes encoding the foraging
task reduced colony performance with the detrimental effect being stronger when queens had mated with several males. Finally,
the number of genes encoding the threshold for the regulatory task only had a minor effect on colony performance. Overall,
our numerical experiments support the importance of mating frequency on efficiency of division of labour and also reveal complex
interactions between the number of matings and genetic architecture. 相似文献
70.
Baccarelli A Pfeiffer R Consonni D Pesatori AC Bonzini M Patterson DG Bertazzi PA Landi MT 《Chemosphere》2005,60(7):898-906
Exposure measurements of concentrations that are non-detectable or near the detection limit (DL) are common in environmental research. Proper statistical treatment of non-detects is critical to avoid bias and unnecessary loss of information. In the present work, we present an overview of possible statistical strategies for handling non-detectable values, including deletion, simple substitution, distributional methods, and distribution-based imputation. Simple substitution methods (e.g., substituting 0, DL/2, DL/ radical2, or DL for the non-detects) are the most commonly applied, even though the EPA Guidance for Data Quality Assessment discouraged their use when the percentage of non-detects is >15%. Distribution-based multiple imputation methods, also known as robust or "fill-in" procedures, may produce dependable results even when 50-70% of the observations are non-detects and can be performed using commonly available statistical software. Any statistical analysis can be conducted on the imputed datasets. Results properly reflect the presence of non-detectable values and produce valid statistical inference. We describe the use of distribution-based multiple imputation in a recent investigation conducted on subjects from the Seveso population exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), in which 55.6% of plasma TCDD measurements were non-detects. We suggest that distribution-based multiple imputation be the preferred method to analyze environmental data when substantial proportions of observations are non-detects. 相似文献