城市工业与乡镇工业经济和环境指标的相关性

本文将我国工业环境污染问题分为城市工业环境污染和乡镇工业环境污染,并建立定量分析模型,对两种工业体系的经济和环境指标进行分析。定量分析结果表明,两种工业体系经济和环境指标间的关系比较密切,其原因是经济发展与能源消耗的关系类似。     

煤矿开采对地下水环境的影响分析

煤炭开采工程应该把水文地质勘察工作与前期地质勘探工作结合进行,以查明基本的水文地质条件与相关参数;工程对地下水环境的影响应该按照煤矿类型、评价工作等级、保护目标、评价重点(水质、水量)进行分类确定,并根据相关分类,荻取相关参数选用不同的方法进行评价.     

基于MARC系统的V型砧角度优化

针对目前塑性加工参数优化研究中,有限元分析方法效率低,可靠性差,通用性不强等现状,将国际上著名的大型通用非线性有限元软件MARC与先进的非线性约束优化问题的解法——改进的约束变尺度算法相结合,开发了一个可用于塑性加工参数优化的软件,并应用于轴类大锻件拔长工艺的V型砧形状角度优化.优化结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了该系统的可靠性.它还表明改进的约束变尺度算法具有较高的计算效率,可以搜索到工程全局最优解.文中所提出的曲线V型砧对圆形坯料具有较好的孔洞闭合效果.本系统的开发为塑性加工参数优化的研究开辟了一个新思路.     

孔隙含水介质的Pb分配系数

Pb分配系数是描述Pb在地下水中迁移性质的重要参数。研究对象和目的不同 ,计算Pb分配系数的方法也不同。静态吸附平衡实验方法简便易行 ,适用于计算不同岩性的Pb分配系数 ;动态土柱实验方法难度较大 ,主要用于建立Pb迁移方程 ;阳离子交换系数方法计算过程复杂 ,适用于解决野外实际问题。     

危险废物分级管理方法研究

危险废物因具有毒性、易燃性、腐蚀性和反应性等多种危害特性,如果暴露于环境中将会对人类健康和生态环境造成很大威胁.深入分析了欧美等一些国家对危险废物进行分级管理的方法,针对中国目前危险废物的产生现状和管理现状,提出了综合考虑危险废物的产生量和活性大小等各个方面,借助风险评价对危险废物进行分级管理的方法和原则,以及相应的分级管理程序的建议,为完善中国的危险废物管理体系提供参考.     

用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究

溶剂萃取法是目前回收处理含高浓度对硝基酚废水的有效方法。选用QH-1为萃取剂，采用HL离心萃取器对含对硝基酚废水的处理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，对于对硝基酚硝酸溶液-QH-1体系，对硝基酚的分配比是1103．4，用Φ20mmHL离心萃取器处理对硝基酚废水时，在合适的操作条件下，单级传质级效率E和三级串联萃取率ρ都可达99％以上，三级串联的反萃率也可达98％以上。     

汶川8.0级地震前地震非均匀度时空演化特征

本文利用地震非均匀度方法对汶川8．0级地震开展了震例研究,较系统地分析了汶川地震前地震非均匀度的时空演化特征。研究结果表明,汶川地震前在震中及附近地区存在明显的地震非均匀度中短期异常,2001年2月23日雅江6．3级地震可能是汶川地震前的首发地震,具有前震指示意义;根据近期GL值时空演化图像,探讨了我国西南地区的震情发展趋势。     

Temporal variations and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds at an urban site in Shijiazhuang, China

Shijiazhuang, the city with the worst air quality in China, is suffering from severe ozone pollution in summer. As the key precursors of ozone generation, it is necessary to control the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) pollution. To have a better understanding of the pollution status and source contribution, the concentrations of 117 ambient VOCs were analyzed from April to August 2018 in an urban site in Shijiazhuang. Results showed that the monthly average concentration of total VOCs was 66.27 ppbv, in which, the oxygenated VOCs (37.89%), alkanes (33.89%), and halogenated hydrocarbons (13.31%) were the main composite on. Eight major sources were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization modeling with an accurate VOCs emission inventory as inter-complementary methods revealed that the petrochemical industry (26.24%), other industrial sources (15.19%), and traffic source (12.24%) were the major sources for ambient VOCs in Shijiazhuang. The spatial distributions of major industrial activities emissions were identified by using geographic information statistics system, which illustrated the VOCs was mainly from the north and southeast of Shijiazhuang. The inverse trajectory analysis using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) clearly demonstrated the features of pollutant transport to Shijiazhuang. These findings can provide references for local governments regarding control strategies to reduce VOCs emissions.     

Efficient low-temperature soot combustion by bimetallic Ag–Cu/SBA-15 catalysts

In this study, the effects of copper(Cu) additive on the catalytic performance of Ag/SBA-15 in complete soot combustion were investigated. The soot combustion performance of bimetallic Ag–Cu/SBA-15 catalysts was higher than that of monometallic Ag and Cu catalysts. The optimum catalytic performance was acquired with the 5 Ag_1-Cu_(0.1)/SBA-15 catalyst, on which the soot combustion starts at T_(ig)= 225°C with a T_(50)= 285°C. The temperature for 50% of soot combustion was lower than that of conventional Ag-based catalysts to more than 50°C(Aneggi et al., 2009). Physicochemical characterizations of the catalysts indicated that addition of Cu into Ag could form smaller bimetallic Ag–Cu nanolloy particles, downsizing the mean particle size from 3.7 nm in monometallic catalyst to 2.6 nm in bimetallic Ag–Cu catalyst. Further experiments revealed that Ag and Cu species elicited synergistic effects, subsequently increasing the content of surface active oxygen species. As a result, the structure modifications of Ag by the addition of Cu strongly intensified the catalytic performance.     

低温环境下风侵对混凝土建筑的指标影响研究

低温环境下风侵对混凝土建筑具有侵蚀和软化的影响,构建风侵对混凝土建筑风侵剪力传递的关系模型,建立约束指标体系,采用本构模型与徐变模型进行混凝土建筑的风侵软化关系分析,构建混凝土风侵结构的非线性徐变结构模型,采用有限元分析方法,分析低温环境下风侵与混凝土建筑的粘性退化关系,模拟风侵对混凝土蚀化的受力过程,计算混凝土结构抗拉的强度,进行应力曲线拟合分析,实现低温环境下风侵对混凝土建筑指标影响的定量分析。