微絮凝深床层过滤去除无机营养物及典型金属离子

在分析了微絮凝深床层过滤机理的基础上,实验研究了以煤矸石燃后残渣为滤料的深床层对微污染矿井水中无机营养物及典型金属离子的去除效果。结果表明,对于微污染矿井水中的NH3-N及COD的去除率仅有20%～40%;对可形成微絮凝体的磷的去除率高达80%以上,对于矿井水中的铁、锰离子的去除率可达75%以上,而絮凝剂的适量加入,不会大幅增加出水中铝离子的含量;分析表明,煤矸石燃后残渣滤料具有良好的吸附、截留作用;对溶解性NH3-N及COD的去除以吸附及生物作用,对铁、锰离子的去除则是以形成絮体沉淀为主,同时金属离子的水合作用、溶度积等对其去除有一定的影响。     

管道沉砂用作雨水花园土壤改良材料的可行性

以建筑黄砂为对照,采用排水管道清通作业产生的管道沉砂作为提高土壤渗透性能的改良材料,通过模拟土柱实验考察了雨水花园对路面径流污染的控制效果.实验结果表明,在装置初始运行阶段,模拟柱中污染物的淋出浓度迅速降低,污染地下水的风险很低;当污染物淋失达到稳定时,掺加同比例管道沉砂与建筑黄砂的模拟柱在提高土壤渗透速率方面效果相近,而对COD、TP、TSS、NH4+-N、NO3--N、重金属等污染物的去除两者效果则相差不大.结果表明,以管道沉砂作为土壤改良材料,在降低南方粘性土壤地区雨水花园的建造成本、实现废弃物的再利用方面具有良好前景.     

磷酸活化-微波热解法制备污泥吸附剂

以污泥吸附剂的碘值和其对铬的吸附去除效果为考察指标,对制备污泥吸附剂的各种影响因素进行全面考察和分析。结果表明,其最佳制备工艺条件为微波功率550 W,微波辐照时间330 s,磷酸浓度为40%及磷酸与污泥原料的液固比为2∶1,空气氛围中制备的吸附剂SAA的性能要稍优于氮气氛围中制备的吸附剂SAN,但前者的得率稍低于后者,总体来讲,两者相差不大。在实际应用中可简化制备工艺,无需通入保护气体。     

微波活化煤矸石反应活性及胶凝性能

研究了微波辐照对煤矸石反应活性及胶凝性能影响,通过XRD、IR等表征手段,分析了微波辐照煤矸石和煤矸石水泥的微观结构,结果表明,煤矸石经微波辐照可脱去煤矸石中的自由水和其矿物的结构水,并破坏了煤矸石矿物中牢固的Si—O和Al—O键结构,提高了SiO2、Al2O3的可溶性,提高煤矸石的反应活性和胶凝性能.煤矸石微波辐照的时间在8 min较为适宜,以30％煤矸石替代水泥时,经8 min微波辐照煤矸石的水泥净浆体28 d抗压强度为47.6 MPa,比原煤矸石的水泥净浆体高23.2 MPa.     

Ni/Fe/Al2O3·PVDF催化还原剂的表征及制备过程优化

在PVDF基体改性的基础上,采用浸渍法制备出Ni/Fe/Al₂O₃·PVDF催化还原剂。通过对一氯乙酸的脱氯效果研究,对交联液配比及交联时间、不同浓度硫酸镍浸渍时间、镍铁比等因素进行优化,实验优化结果表明,Ni/Fe/Al₂O₃·PVDF催化还原剂对一氯乙酸脱氯60 min脱氯率达到64%。经SEM表征,制备出的双金属在膜载体表面及断面分布均匀,呈球状和片状结构且双金属未发生团聚。     

五莲县石材废料的资源化利用

石材工业是资源加工型产业,加工过程会产生大量的石材废料.我国对石材加工废料的研究起步较晚,应用技术不成熟.介绍了目前国内外对石材废料的几种主要资源化利用方式,并结合五莲县石材产业基地石材加工实际工艺及废料资源化处理方式,研究石材废料的资源化利用.     

离子液体萃取法回收废水中的醋酸丁酯

利用离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐萃取模拟废水中的醋酸丁酯。萃取液经减压蒸馏回收醋酸丁酯,离子液体也得到再生。实验结果表明:萃取率随废水与离子液体体积之比(相比)的增加而减小,随萃取时间的延长而增大,随萃取温度的升高而增大;在相比为6∶1、萃取时间为40min、萃取温度为50℃的条件下,萃取率达98.98%,醋酸丁酯纯度达99.8%;回收后离子液体可重复使用且萃取率基本不变。     

Enhanced removal of arsenic from a highly laden industrial effluent using a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process

Effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial wastewater is an important but challenging task. Here, a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process, with ferric chloride and calcium chloride as coprecipitation agents and polymer-based nanocomposite as selective adsorbent, has been validated for arsenic removal from tungsten-smelting wastewater. On the basis of operating optimization, a binary FeCl₃ (520 mg/L)–CaCl₂ (300 mg/L) coprecipitation agent could remove more than 93 % arsenic from the wastewater. The resulting precipitate has proved environmental safety based on leaching toxicity test. Fixed-bed column packed with zirconium or ferric-oxide-loaded nanocomposite was employed for further elimination of arsenic in coprecipitated effluent, resulting in a significant decrease of arsenic (from 0.96 to less than 0.5 mg/L). The working capacity of zirconium-loaded nanocomposite was 220 bed volumes per run, much higher than that of ferric-loaded nanocomposite (40 bed volumes per run). The exhausted zirconium-loaded nanocomposite could be efficiently in situ regenerated with a binary NaOH–NaCl solution for reuse without any significant capacity loss. The results validated the combinational coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process to be a potential alternative for effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial effluent.     

Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of bisphenol A catalyzed by efficient adsorptive Fe3O4/GO nanocomposites

A new method for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was developed. The oxidative degradation characteristics of BPA in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/graphite oxide (GO) were studied. Transmission electron microscopic images showed that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were evenly distributed and were ～6 nm in diameter. Experimental results suggested that BPA conversion was affected by several factors, such as the loading amount of Fe₃O₄/GO, pH, and initial H₂O₂ concentration. In the system with 1.0 g L^?1 of Fe₃O₄/GO and 20 mmol L^?1 of H₂O₂, almost 90 % of BPA (20 mg L^?1) was degraded within 6 h at pH 6.0. Based on the degradation products identified by GC–MS, the degradation pathways of BPA were proposed. In addition, the reused catalyst Fe₃O₄/GO still retained its catalytic activity after three cycles, indicating that Fe₃O₄/GO had good stability and reusability. These results demonstrated that the heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/GO is a promising advanced oxidation technology for the treatment of wastewater containing BPA.     

The effects of apple pomace,bentonite and calcium superphosphate on swine manure aerobic composting

The effects of additives such as apple pomace, bentonite and calcium superphosphate on swine manure composting were investigated in a self-built aerated static box (90 L) by assessing their influences on the transformation of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous and compost maturity. The results showed that additives all prolonged the thermophilic stage in composting compared to control. Nitrogen losses amounted to 34–58% of the initial nitrogen, in which ammonia volatilization accounted for 0.3–4.6%. Calcium superphosphate was helpful in facilitating composting process as it significantly reduced the ammonia volatilization during thermophilic stage and increased the contents of total nitrogen and phosphorous in compost, but bentonite increased the ammonia volatilization and reduced the total nitrogen concentration. It suggested that calcium superphosphate is an effective additive for keeping nitrogen during swine manure composting.