Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle （Anadara granosa） and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80 0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6 to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.     

光污染防治立法的研究及探讨

目前,光污染这种新型的环境污染,已成为一个必需正视的环境问题。为了更为有效地防治光污染,保护公众的环境权益,中国急需建立光污染防治法律体系。采用符合本国国情的立法模式,建立完善的监管体系,制定具体明确的光污染防治标准等将是中国光污染防治法律体系建立的核心内容。本文阐述了光污染的概况,介绍了国内外光污染防治立法现状,前瞻性地提出以经济和生态的可持续发展为指导思想,采取预防性原则从环保和法律的角度出发,建立符合中国国情的光污染防治体系,全面防治光污染的建议。     

五大连池冬季水体中磷的分布特征

在冬季对东北地区五大连池各池采取表层水样,对水体中总磷、溶解性总磷和溶解性磷酸盐进行了分析。结果表明五大连池冬季水体中总磷浓度在0.035 mg/L～0.144 mg/L之间,其中四池含量最高,二池含量最低。溶解性总磷的含量在0.027 mg/L～0.049 mg/L之间,三池含量最高,一池含量最低。溶解性磷酸盐的浓度在0.020 mg/L～0.042 mg/L之间,三池含量最高,二池含量最低。水体中磷以溶解态的形式存在为主,而溶解态中又以溶解性磷酸盐为主,占溶解性总磷的平均百分比为80.92%。总的来说三池、四池和五池磷水平较高,人类污染影响严重。     

生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了近年来生物絮凝剂的研究和应用现状,详细总结了几种生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,并对生物絮凝剂的分类进行了阐述,列举了生物絮凝剂的应用情况,文中还提到了近年来的研究新进展,特别是提到了复合型生物絮凝剂的研制情况,最后文章对未来生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了叙述.     

HPLC法分析苯酚超声/H2O2降解机理

利用超声/H2O2协同作用生成氧化能力极强的羟基自由基(.OH)降解苯酚。确定高效液相色谱分析的适宜条件为室温,检测波长277 nm,流动相配比55/45(V甲醇/水),流速为0.5 mL/min,测得各物质的回收率在95.2%100.3%之间,证明高效液相色谱法是测定苯酚及其中间产物的一种有效的分析方法。HPLC法分析苯酚的降解过程首先是由羟基自由基攻击苯环,生成对苯二酚、邻苯二酚,然后继续羟基化,生成顺丁烯二酸,进一步氧化,最终生成二氧化碳和水。     

Investigation of methods for estimating hand bone dimensions using X-ray hand anthropometric data

This study examined two conversion methods, M1 and M2, to predict finger/phalange bone lengths based on finger/phalange surface lengths. Forty-one Korean college students (25 males and 16 females) were recruited and their finger/phalange surface lengths, bone lengths and grip strengths were measured using a vernier caliper, an X-ray generator and a double-handle force measurement system, respectively. M1 and M2 were defined as formulas able to estimate finger/phalange bone lengths based on one dimension (i.e., surface hand length) and four finger dimensions (surface finger lengths), respectively. As a result of conversion, the estimation errors by M1 presented mean 1.22?mm, which was smaller than those (1.29?mm) by M2. The bone lengths estimated by M1 (mean r?=?0.81) presented higher correlations with the measured bone lengths than those estimated by M2 (0.79). Thus, the M1 method was recommended in the present study, based on conversion simplicity and accuracy.     

由传统工业文明向生态文明的转型势在必行——《生态文明的中国觉醒》述评

《生态文明的中国觉醒》首先说明当今中国出现了环境严重污染的“生态墙”;进而阐述环境保护的严峻形势及建设生态文明的艰巨任务;然后论述我国正处环境问题的激化期,应借鉴世界各大工业国的经验教训,指明经济与生态双赢的方向;最后阐述生态文明建设势在必行。这篇重要文章提出了以下启示：中国发展打“消耗战”的路已经行不通,必须由传统工业文明向生态文明转型;必须坚持又好又快的发展,保持适当速度;提倡“合理消费”;大力实施“创新驱动战略”,为生态文明建设提供强大动力。     

Research on the development and planning of renewable energy in Tibet

With the rapid social and economic development of the Tibet Autonomous Region,the situation in regard to energy supply and demand is increasingly tense.Meanwhile,the development of renewable energy in Tibet has been given considerable practical significance by its peculiar ecological environment.Given the complementarity of renewable energies in Tibet,using the method of factor analysis,we derived four major factors:level of economic development,social development,industrial development,and energy endowment,which help to evaluate development conditions in different regions of Tibet.Treating these four factors equally,we used the hierarchical clustering method to determine the order of regional development.Thus we acquire a three-stage planning project for renewable energy.In the first stage,Lhasa plays a leading role in promoting the development of renewable energy,particularly that based on solar and wind energy.There are two phases in the second stage,the first being to simultaneously develop solar and wind energy in Xigaze and Nyingchi.The second is to develop solar and wind energy in accordance with the time of year in Qamdo,Nagqu,and Ali,with 1.145billion kWh electricity to be generated.The third stage is to develop energy production in Lhoka Prefecture,with 1.369billion kWh electricity to be generated.At the end of the three-stage project,consumption of available electricity will have reached 4.045 billion kwh,with major social and economic benefits.     

HSE管理体系的"本土化"问题探析

分析了中国与西方安全文化、国内外石化企业HSE管理理念的差异,探讨了HSE管理体系在中国的可接受性问题和"本土化"问题.     

石化装置区承包商施工作业事故及问题分析

列举了3起石化装置现场典型承包商施工作业事故,指出了石化装置区施工作业管理中存在的工程承包商作业素质薄弱,工程建设单位对施工管理缺少规范化和标准化措施,工程建设主管部门的管理权威弱化问题.